A centralized deployment is where a single UAE server offers the UAE capabilities to one or more UAS application specific servers (e.g. USS/UTM). The UAE server and the UAS application specific server can be co-located in a single physical entity. The UAE server can be deployed either in the PLMN operator domain or deployed in the UAS operator domain. The UAE server connects with the 3GPP network systems (EPS, 5GS) in one or more PLMN operator domain. When UAE server and UAS application specific server are co-located in a single physical entity, the Us reference point between the UAE server and the UAS application specific server is not used. Figure B.2.1-1 illustrates a deployment of the UAE server and the UAS application specific server in a single physical entity and deployed in UAS operator domain. The UAE server can be deployed in a separate physical entity from the UAS application specific server in the UAS operator domain. In such deployments, the Us reference point is used for the communication between the UAE server and the UAS application specific server.

Figure B.2.1-2 illustrates a deployment of the UAE server in the PLMN operator domain and the UAS application specific server in the UAS operator domain. The Us reference point is used for the communication between UAS application specific server and the UAE server. The UAE server can support multiple UAS application specific servers.

Figure B.2.1-3 illustrates a deployment of the UAE server which connects to the 3GPP network systems (EPS, 5GS) in multiple PLMN operator domain. The UAE server can be co-located with the UAS application specific server in a single physical entity or deployed in different physical entities.

Figure B.2.1-4 illustrates a deployment of the UAE server which provides UAE capabilities to multiple UAS application specific servers over Us reference point and connects to the 3GPP network systems (EPS, 5GS) in multiple PLMN operator domain.

The distributed deployment is where multiple UAE servers are deployed either in the UAS operator domain or in the PLMN operator domain. The distributed deployment of the UAE servers provide geographical coverage or support multiple PLMN operator domains in a geographical location. The UAE servers interconnect via UAE-E and the Us reference point is used for interaction between UAS application specific server and the UAE server. Figure B.2.2-1 illustrates the deployment of UAE servers in multiple PLMN operator domain and provides UAE capabilities to the UAS application specific server deployed in the UAS operator domain. The UAS application specific server connects via Us to the UAE servers.

Figure B.2.2-2 illustrates the deployment of multiple UAE servers deployed in multiple PLMN operator domains. The UAS application specific server connects via Us to the UAE server. The interconnection between UAE servers is via UAE-E and supports the UAS applications for the UAS UEs connected to the UAE servers in multiple PLMN operator domains.

Figure B.2.2-3 illustrates the deployment of multiple UAE servers in PLMN operator domain based on geographical coverage. The UAS application specific server connects via Us to the UAE server 1. The UAE servers interconnect via UAE-E and support the UAS communications to the UAS UEs (i.e., UAV, UAV-C) connected to the UAE servers.

Figure B.2.2-4 illustrates the deployment of multiple UAE servers in the UAS operator domain where UAE server 1 and UAE server 2 connect with 3GPP network system of PLMN operator domain 1 and PLMN operator domain 2 respectively. The UAS application specific server connects via Us to the UAE server 1. The UAE servers interconnect via UAE-E and support the UAS applications for the UAS UEs connected via both the PLMN operator domains.