Content for TS 22.125 Word version: 17.3.0
7 Performance requirements
7.1 KPIs for services provided to the UAV applications
7.2 KPIs for UAV command and control
7.3 Positioning performance requirements
7.4 Other requirements
A UAS Reference Model
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7 Performance requirements |R17|
7.1 KPIs for services provided to the UAV applications
The 5G system shall be able to provide unmanned aerial vehicle with the service performance requirements reported in Table 7.1-1.
UAV originated QoS in the Table refers to the QoS of Uplink data (e.g. from UAV to the network side). UAV terminated QoS is the QoS of downlink data (e.g. from the network side to UAV).
The data transmitted by the 5G system includes data collected by hardware devices installed on UAV such as cameras, e.g. pictures, videos and files. It is also possible to transmit some software calculation or statistical data, e.g. UAV management data. The service control data of transmitted by the 5G system may be based on application triggers, such as switch, rotation, promotion and demotion control of equipment on UAV. Various UAV applications may require different uplink and downlink QoS at the same time. The 5G system may simultaneously provide services to other users on the ground (e.g., the KPIs for rural and urban scenarios as defined in clause 7.1 of TS 22.261) in the same area without service degradation.
| Use case | Services | Data rate | End to end Latency | Altitude AGL | service area (Note 4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8K video live broadcast | 100 Mbps UAV originated | 200 ms | < 100 m | Urban, scenic area |
| 600Kbps UAV terminated | 20 ms | < 100 m | |||
| 2 | Laser mapping/ | 120 Mbps UAV originated (Note 1) | 200 ms | 30-300 m | Urban, rural area, scenic area |
| 300Kbps UAV terminated | 20 ms | 30-300 m | |||
| 3 | 4*4K AI surveillance | 120 Mbps UAV originated | 20 ms | < 200 m | Urban, rural area |
| 50Mbps UAV terminated | 20 ms | < 200 m | |||
| 4 | Remote UAV controller through HD video | ≥ 25Mbps UAV originated (Note 3) | 100 ms | < 300 m | Urban, rural area |
| 300Kbps UAV terminated | 20 ms | <300 m | |||
| 5 | Real-Time Video | 0.06 Mbps w/o video UAV originated | 100 ms | – | Urban, rural, countryside |
| 6 | Video streaming | 4 Mbps for 720p video 9 Mbps for 1080p video UAV originated | 100 ms | – | Urban, rural, countryside |
| 7 | Periodic still photos | 1Mbps UAV originated | 1s | < 120 m | Urban, rural, countryside |
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NOTE 1:
The flight average speed is 60km/h. The KPI is referring to [5].
NOTE 2:
The latency is the time of the 5G system provide higher accuracy location information of a UAV to a third party.
NOTE 3:
Referring to clause 5.2.2, the absolute flying speed of UAV in this service can be up to 160km/h.
NOTE 4:
The density of active UAV is 10/200 km². The maximum altitude is 300m. The flight average speed is 60km/h.
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7.2 KPIs for UAV command and control Word‑p. 12
UAVs may use a variety of flight command and control modes. Command and control (C2) communications refers to the two-way communication, which may include video, required to control the operation of the UAV itself. C2 messages may be communicated with the UAV controller, the UTM or both and may or may not be periodic. UAV controller and UTM communications may happen at essentially the same time with different required QoS. Any mission specific communication (e.g. HD video for area surveillance), if required, is additional. Different modes of control and their typical KPIs are listed in this clause below. The 5G system shall support UAV operation at altitudes of at least 120m / 400ft above ground level, e.g. the services should be provided and characterized up to 3000ft AGL.
| Control Mode | Function | Typical Message Interval | Max UAV ground speed | Typical message Size (note 1) | End to end Latency | Reliability (note 2) | Positive ACK (note 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steer to waypoints (note 3) | UAV terminated C2 message | ≥ 1 s | 300 km/h | 100 byte | 1 s | 99.9% | Required |
| UAV originated C2 message (note 4) | 1 s | 84-140 byte | 1 s | 99.9% | Not Required | ||
| Direct stick steering (note 5) | UAV terminated C2 message | 40 ms (note 6) | 60 km/h | 24 byte | 40 ms | 99.9% | Required |
| UAV originated C2 message (note 7) | 40 ms | 84-140 byte | 40 ms | 99.9% | Not Required | ||
| Automatic flight on UTM (note 10) | UAV terminated C2 message | 1 s | 300 km/h | < 10K byte | 5 s (note 9) | 99.9% | Required |
| UAV originated C2 message | 1 s (note 9) | 1500 byte | 5 s (note 9) | 99.9% | Required | ||
| Approaching Autonomous Navigation Infrastructure | UAV terminated C2 message | 500 ms | 50 km/h | 4k byte | 10 ms | 99% | Required |
| UAV originated C2 message | 500 ms | 4k byte | 140 ms | 99.99% | Required | ||
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NOTE 1:
Message size is at the application layer and excludes any headers and security related load. The numbers shown are typical as message size depends on the commands sent and is implementation specific.
NOTE 2:
Message reliability is defined as the probability of successful transmission within the required latency at the application layer while under network coverage.
NOTE 3:
Video is neither required nor expected to be used for steering in this mode.
NOTE 4:
It may be possible to transmit this message on an event driven basis e.g. approaching a geo fence. A status message may but is not required to be sent as a response to a control message.
NOTE 5:
A video feedback is required for this mode. The KPIs for video are defined in Table 7.2-2.
NOTE 6:
UAVs on board controllers typically update at either 50Hz (20ms) or 25Hz (40ms).
NOTE 7:
A status message may but is not required to be sent as a response to a control message A 1Hz slow mode also exists.
NOTE 8:
Positive ACK is sent to the originator of the message (i.e. UAV controller and / or the UTM). The 5G system makes no assumption whether an appropriate ACK is sent by the application layer.
NOTE 9:
At the application level, the C2 communication between a UAV and UTM can be allowed to experience much longer traffic interruptions, e.g. timeouts of 30S on the uplink and 300S on the downlink.
NOTE 10:
This only represents periodic message exchange during a nominal mission in steady state. It does not represent unusual or aperiodic events such as conveying dynamic restrictions or a flight plan to the UAV on the downlink.
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| Scenario
(note 2) |
Data rate | End to end Latency | Reliability
(note 1) |
Direction | Positive ACK required | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VLOS (visual line of sight) | 2 Mpbs at 480 p, 30 fps | 1 s | 99.9% | Sent by UAV | Not Required | ||||
| Non-VLOS | 4 Mbps at 720 p, 30 fps | 140 ms | 99.99% | Sent by UAV | Not Required | ||||
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NOTE 1:
Message reliability is defined as the probability of successful transmission within the required latency.
NOTE 2:
Maximum UAV speed is same as control mode of direct stick steering in Table 7.2-1.
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7.3 Positioning performance requirements Word‑p. 13
Table 7.3-1 below lists typical scenarios and the corresponding positioning requirements for horizontal and vertical accuracy, availability, heading, latency, and UE speed.
| Scenario | Accuracy (95 % confidence level) | Availability | Heading | Latency for position estimation of UE | UE Speed | Corresponding Positioning Service Level in TS 22.261 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horizontal accuracy | Vertical accuracy | ||||||
| 8K video live broadcast | [0.5 m] | [1 m] | 99% | 1s | [< 120 km/h] | 5 | |
| Laser mapping/HD patrol | [0.5 m] | [1 m] | 99% | 1s | [<120 km/h] | 5 | |
| 4*4K AI surveillance | [0.1 m] | [<60 km/h] | |||||
| Remote UAV controller through HD video | [0.5 m] | [1 m] | 99% | 1s | [<120 km/h] | 5 | |
| Periodic still photos | [0.1 m] | [1 m] | [<60 km/h] | ||||
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NOTE:
The positioning accuracy in this table is not related to navigation or safety.
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7.4 Other requirements Word‑p. 14
[R-7.4-001]
The 5G system shall support a mechanism to switch between C2 communication modes for UAS operation, e.g. from indirect C2 communication to direct C2 communication, and ensure the disconnect time is below the latency requirements.
[R-7.4-002]
The 3GPP system shall enable concurrent communications between the UAV-controller and UAV and between the UTM and the UAV that may require different KPIs.
[R-7.4-003]
The 3GPP system shall be capable of switching between the KPIs, as requested by the UAV-controller or the UTM, within [500ms].
A UAS Reference Model |R17| Word‑p. 15
A.1 UAS Reference Model in 3GPP ecosystem
In the UAS reference model:
- a UAS is composed of one UAV and one UAV controller in this illustration
- UAVs are connected over cellular connectivity
- a UAV can be controlled by a UAV controller connected via the 3GPP mobile network
- a UAV can be controlled by a UAV controller not connected via the 3GPP mobile network, using a C2 interface not in 3GPP scope
- a UAV controller connected via the 3GPP mobile network can control one or more UAV(s)
- the UAS exchanges application data traffic with a UTM
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