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Content for  TS 23.032  Word version:  18.1.0

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6  Codingp. 15

6.1  Pointp. 15

The co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point are coded with an uncertainty of less than 3 metres.
The latitude is coded with 24 bits: 1 bit of sign and a number between 0 and 223-1 coded in binary on 23 bits. The relation between the coded number N and the range of (absolute) latitudes X it encodes is the following (X in degrees):
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.1, formula #1
except for N=223-1, for which the range is extended to include N+1.
The longitude, expressed in the range -180°, +180°, is coded as a number between -223 and 223-1, coded in 2's complement binary on 24 bits. The relation between the coded number N and the range of longitude X it encodes is the following (X in degrees):
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.1, formula #2
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6.1a  High Accuracy Pointp. 15

The co-ordinates of a high accuracy ellipsoid point are coded with a resolution of less than 5 millimetre for latitude, and less than 10 millimetre for longitude.
The latitude for a high accuracy point, expressed in the range -90°, +90°, is coded as a number between -231 and 231-1, coded in 2's complement binary on 32 bits. The relation between the latitude X in the range [-90°, 90°] and the coded number N is:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.1a, formula #1
where 3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.1a, formula #1: comment denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x (floor operator).
The longitude for a high accuracy point, expressed in the range -180°, +180°, is coded as a number between -231 and 231-1, coded in 2's complement binary on 32 bits. The relation between the longitude X in the range [-180°, 180°) and the coded number N is:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.1a, formula #2
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6.2  Uncertaintyp. 16

A method of describing the uncertainty for latitude and longitude has been sought which is both flexible (can cover wide differences in range) and efficient. The proposed solution makes use of a variation on the Binomial expansion. The uncertainty r, expressed in metres, is mapped to a number K, with the following formula:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.2, formula #1
with C = 10 and x = 0,1. With 0 ≤ K ≤ 127, a suitably useful range between 0 and 1800 kilometres is achieved for the uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 1 metre. The uncertainty can then be coded on 7 bits, as the binary encoding of K.
Value of K Value of uncertainty
00 m
11 m
22,1 m
--
2057,3 m
--
40443 m
--
603 km
--
8020 km
--
100138 km
--
120927 km
--
1271800 km
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6.2a  High Accuracy Uncertaintyp. 16

The high accuracy uncertainty r, expressed in metres, is mapped to a number K, with the following formula:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.2a, formula #1
with C = 0.3 and x = 0.02. With 0 ≤ K ≤ 255, a suitably useful range between 0 and 46.49129 metres is achieved for the high accuracy uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 6 millimetre. The uncertainty can then be coded on 8 bits, as the binary encoding of K.
Value of K Value of uncertainty
00 m
10.006 m
20.01212 m
--
200.14578 m
--
400.36241 m
--
600.68430 m
--
801.16263 m
--
1001.87339 m
--
1202.92954 m
--
1273.40973 m
--
25546.49129 m
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6.2b  High Accuracy Extended Uncertaintyp. 17

The high accuracy extended uncertainty r, expressed in metres, is mapped to a number K, with the following formula:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.2b, formula #1
with C = 0.3 and x = 0.02594, with 0 * K * 253, and r = 200 m with K=254, and r > 200 m with K=255 a suitably useful range between 0 and 200 metres is achieved for the high accuracy uncertainty, while still being able to code down to values as small as 8 millimetres. The uncertainty can then be coded on 8 bits, as the binary encoding of K.
Value of K Value of uncertainty
00 m
10.00778 m
20.01577 m
--
200.20068 m
--
400.53560 m
--
601.09457 m
--
802.02744 m
--
1003.58434 m
--
1206.18271 m
--
1277.45551 m
--
253195.12396 m
254200 m
255> 200 m
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6.3  Altitudep. 18

Altitude is encoded in increments of 1 meter using a 15 bit binary coded number N. The relation between the number N and the range of altitudes a (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.3, formula #1
Except for N=215-1 for which the range is extended to include all greater values of a.
The direction of altitude is encoded by a single bit with bit value 0 representing height above the WGS84 ellipsoid surface and bit value 1 representing depth below the WGS84 ellipsoid surface.
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6.3a  High Accuracy Altitudep. 18

High accuracy altitude is encoded as a number N between -64000 and 1280000 using 2's complement binary on 22 bits. The relation between the number N and the altitude a (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.3a, formula #1
So, the altitude for a high accuracy point, with a scale factor of 2-7, ranges between -500 metres and 10000 metres. The altitude is encoded representing height above (plus) or below (minus) the WGS84 ellipsoid surface.
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6.4  Uncertainty Altitudep. 18

The uncertainty in altitude, h, expressed in metres is mapped from the binary number K, with the following formula:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.4, formula #1
with C = 45 and x = 0,025. With 0 ≤ K ≤ 127, a suitably useful range between 0 and 990 meters is achieved for the uncertainty altitude. The uncertainty can then be coded on 7 bits, as the binary encoding of K.
Value of K Value of uncertainty altitude
00 m
11,13 m
22,28 m
--
2028,7 m
--
4075,8 m
--
60153,0 m
--
80279,4 m
--
100486,6 m
--
120826,1 m
--
127990,5 m
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6.5  Confidencep. 18

The confidence by which the position of a target entity is known to be within the shape description, (expressed as a percentage) is directly mapped from the 7 bit binary number K, except for K=0 which is used to indicate 'no information', and 100 < K ≤128 which should not be used but may be interpreted as "no information" if received.

6.6  Radiusp. 19

Inner radius is encoded in increments of 5 meters using a 16 bit binary coded number N. The relation between the number N and the range of radius r (in metres) it encodes is described by the following equation:
3GPP 23.032 (GAD): 6.6, formula #1
Except for N=216-1 for which the range is extended to include all greater values of r. This provides a true maximum radius of 327,675 meters.
The uncertainty radius is encoded as for the uncertainty latitude and longitude.
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6.7  Anglep. 19

Offset and Included angle are encoded in increments of 2° using an 8 bit binary coded number N in the range 0 to 179. The relation between the number N and the range offset (ao) and included (ai) of angles (in degrees) it encodes is described by the following equations:
Offset angle (ao)
2 N <= ao < 2 (N+1)
Accepted values for ao are within the range from 0 to 359,9...9 degrees.
Included angle (ai)
2 N < ai <= 2 (N+1)
Accepted values for ai are within the range from 0,0...1 to 360 degrees.

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