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RFC 5996

Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)

Pages: 138
Obsoletes:  43064718
Obsoleted by:  7296
Updated by:  59986989
Part 5 of 6 – Pages 101 to 125
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ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 101   prevText

3.11. Delete Payload

The Delete payload, denoted D in this document, contains a protocol- specific Security Association identifier that the sender has removed from its Security Association database and is, therefore, no longer valid. Figure 17 shows the format of the Delete payload. It is possible to send multiple SPIs in a Delete payload; however, each SPI MUST be for the same protocol. Mixing of protocol identifiers MUST NOT be performed in the Delete payload. It is permitted, however, to include multiple Delete payloads in a single INFORMATIONAL exchange where each Delete payload lists SPIs for a different protocol. Deletion of the IKE SA is indicated by a protocol ID of 1 (IKE) but no SPIs. Deletion of a Child SA, such as ESP or AH, will contain the IPsec protocol ID of that protocol (2 for AH, 3 for ESP), and the SPI is the SPI the sending endpoint would expect in inbound ESP or AH packets. The Delete payload is defined as follows: 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Next Payload |C| RESERVED | Payload Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Protocol ID | SPI Size | Num of SPIs | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Security Parameter Index(es) (SPI) ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 17: Delete Payload Format o Protocol ID (1 octet) - Must be 1 for an IKE SA, 2 for AH, or 3 for ESP. o SPI Size (1 octet) - Length in octets of the SPI as defined by the protocol ID. It MUST be zero for IKE (SPI is in message header) or four for AH and ESP.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 102
   o  Num of SPIs (2 octets, unsigned integer) - The number of SPIs
      contained in the Delete payload.  The size of each SPI is defined
      by the SPI Size field.

   o  Security Parameter Index(es) (variable length) - Identifies the
      specific Security Association(s) to delete.  The length of this
      field is determined by the SPI Size and Num of SPIs fields.

   The payload type for the Delete payload is forty-two (42).

3.12. Vendor ID Payload

The Vendor ID payload, denoted V in this document, contains a vendor- defined constant. The constant is used by vendors to identify and recognize remote instances of their implementations. This mechanism allows a vendor to experiment with new features while maintaining backward compatibility. A Vendor ID payload MAY announce that the sender is capable of accepting certain extensions to the protocol, or it MAY simply identify the implementation as an aid in debugging. A Vendor ID payload MUST NOT change the interpretation of any information defined in this specification (i.e., the critical bit MUST be set to 0). Multiple Vendor ID payloads MAY be sent. An implementation is not required to send any Vendor ID payload at all. A Vendor ID payload may be sent as part of any message. Reception of a familiar Vendor ID payload allows an implementation to make use of private use numbers described throughout this document, such as private payloads, private exchanges, private notifications, etc. Unfamiliar Vendor IDs MUST be ignored. Writers of documents who wish to extend this protocol MUST define a Vendor ID payload to announce the ability to implement the extension in the document. It is expected that documents that gain acceptance and are standardized will be given "magic numbers" out of the Future Use range by IANA, and the requirement to use a Vendor ID will go away. The Vendor ID payload fields are defined as follows:
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 103
                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Next Payload  |C|  RESERVED   |         Payload Length        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   ~                        Vendor ID (VID)                        ~
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 18:  Vendor ID Payload Format

   o  Vendor ID (variable length) - It is the responsibility of the
      person choosing the Vendor ID to assure its uniqueness in spite of
      the absence of any central registry for IDs.  Good practice is to
      include a company name, a person name, or some such information.
      If you want to show off, you might include the latitude and
      longitude and time where you were when you chose the ID and some
      random input.  A message digest of a long unique string is
      preferable to the long unique string itself.

   The payload type for the Vendor ID payload is forty-three (43).

3.13. Traffic Selector Payload

The Traffic Selector payload, denoted TS in this document, allows peers to identify packet flows for processing by IPsec security services. The Traffic Selector payload consists of the IKE generic payload header followed by individual Traffic Selectors as follows: 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Next Payload |C| RESERVED | Payload Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Number of TSs | RESERVED | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ <Traffic Selectors> ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 19: Traffic Selectors Payload Format o Number of TSs (1 octet) - Number of Traffic Selectors being provided.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 104
   o  RESERVED - This field MUST be sent as zero and MUST be ignored on
      receipt.

   o  Traffic Selectors (variable length) - One or more individual
      Traffic Selectors.

   The length of the Traffic Selector payload includes the TS header and
   all the Traffic Selectors.

   The payload type for the Traffic Selector payload is forty-four (44)
   for addresses at the initiator's end of the SA and forty-five (45)
   for addresses at the responder's end.

   There is no requirement that TSi and TSr contain the same number of
   individual Traffic Selectors.  Thus, they are interpreted as follows:
   a packet matches a given TSi/TSr if it matches at least one of the
   individual selectors in TSi, and at least one of the individual
   selectors in TSr.

   For instance, the following Traffic Selectors:

   TSi = ((17, 100, 198.51.100.66-198.51.100.66),
          (17, 200, 198.51.100.66-198.51.100.66))
   TSr = ((17, 300, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255),
          (17, 400, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255))

   would match UDP packets from 198.51.100.66 to anywhere, with any of
   the four combinations of source/destination ports (100,300),
   (100,400), (200,300), and (200, 400).

   Thus, some types of policies may require several Child SA pairs.  For
   instance, a policy matching only source/destination ports (100,300)
   and (200,400), but not the other two combinations, cannot be
   negotiated as a single Child SA pair.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 105

3.13.1. Traffic Selector

1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | TS Type |IP Protocol ID*| Selector Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Start Port* | End Port* | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Starting Address* ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Ending Address* ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 20: Traffic Selector *Note: All fields other than TS Type and Selector Length depend on the TS Type. The fields shown are for TS Types 7 and 8, the only two values currently defined. o TS Type (one octet) - Specifies the type of Traffic Selector. o IP protocol ID (1 octet) - Value specifying an associated IP protocol ID (such as UDP, TCP, and ICMP). A value of zero means that the protocol ID is not relevant to this Traffic Selector -- the SA can carry all protocols. o Selector Length - Specifies the length of this Traffic Selector substructure including the header. o Start Port (2 octets, unsigned integer) - Value specifying the smallest port number allowed by this Traffic Selector. For protocols for which port is undefined (including protocol 0), or if all ports are allowed, this field MUST be zero. ICMP and ICMPv6 Type and Code values, as well as Mobile IP version 6 (MIPv6) mobility header (MH) Type values, are represented in this field as specified in Section 4.4.1.1 of [IPSECARCH]. ICMP Type and Code values are treated as a single 16-bit integer port number, with Type in the most significant eight bits and Code in the least significant eight bits. MIPv6 MH Type values are treated as a single 16-bit integer port number, with Type in the most significant eight bits and the least significant eight bits set to zero.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 106
   o  End Port (2 octets, unsigned integer) - Value specifying the
      largest port number allowed by this Traffic Selector.  For
      protocols for which port is undefined (including protocol 0), or
      if all ports are allowed, this field MUST be 65535.  ICMP and
      ICMPv6 Type and Code values, as well as MIPv6 MH Type values, are
      represented in this field as specified in Section 4.4.1.1 of
      [IPSECARCH].  ICMP Type and Code values are treated as a single
      16-bit integer port number, with Type in the most significant
      eight bits and Code in the least significant eight bits.  MIPv6 MH
      Type values are treated as a single 16-bit integer port number,
      with Type in the most significant eight bits and the least
      significant eight bits set to zero.

   o  Starting Address - The smallest address included in this Traffic
      Selector (length determined by TS Type).

   o  Ending Address - The largest address included in this Traffic
      Selector (length determined by TS Type).

   Systems that are complying with [IPSECARCH] that wish to indicate
   "ANY" ports MUST set the start port to 0 and the end port to 65535;
   note that according to [IPSECARCH], "ANY" includes "OPAQUE".  Systems
   working with [IPSECARCH] that wish to indicate "OPAQUE" ports, but
   not "ANY" ports, MUST set the start port to 65535 and the end port to
   0.

   The Traffic Selector types 7 and 8 can also refer to ICMP or ICMPv6
   type and code fields, as well as MH Type fields for the IPv6 mobility
   header [MIPV6].  Note, however, that neither ICMP nor MIPv6 packets
   have separate source and destination fields.  The method for
   specifying the Traffic Selectors for ICMP and MIPv6 is shown by
   example in Section 4.4.1.3 of [IPSECARCH].

   The following table lists values for the Traffic Selector Type field
   and the corresponding Address Selector Data.  The values in the
   following table are only current as of the publication date of RFC
   4306.  Other values may have been added since then or will be added
   after the publication of this document.  Readers should refer to
   [IKEV2IANA] for the latest values.

   TS Type                            Value
   -------------------------------------------------------------------
   TS_IPV4_ADDR_RANGE                  7
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 107
       A range of IPv4 addresses, represented by two four-octet
       values.  The first value is the beginning IPv4 address
       (inclusive) and the second value is the ending IPv4 address
       (inclusive).  All addresses falling between the two specified
       addresses are considered to be within the list.

   TS_IPV6_ADDR_RANGE                  8

       A range of IPv6 addresses, represented by two sixteen-octet
       values.  The first value is the beginning IPv6 address
       (inclusive) and the second value is the ending IPv6 address
       (inclusive).  All addresses falling between the two specified
       addresses are considered to be within the list.

3.14. Encrypted Payload

The Encrypted payload, denoted SK{...} in this document, contains other payloads in encrypted form. The Encrypted payload, if present in a message, MUST be the last payload in the message. Often, it is the only payload in the message. This payload is also called the "Encrypted and Authenticated" payload. The algorithms for encryption and integrity protection are negotiated during IKE SA setup, and the keys are computed as specified in Sections 2.14 and 2.18. This document specifies the cryptographic processing of Encrypted payloads using a block cipher in CBC mode and an integrity check algorithm that computes a fixed-length checksum over a variable size message. The design is modeled after the ESP algorithms described in RFCs 2104 [HMAC], 4303 [ESP], and 2451 [ESPCBC]. This document completely specifies the cryptographic processing of IKE data, but those documents should be consulted for design rationale. Future documents may specify the processing of Encrypted payloads for other types of transforms, such as counter mode encryption and authenticated encryption algorithms. Peers MUST NOT negotiate transforms for which no such specification exists. When an authenticated encryption algorithm is used to protect the IKE SA, the construction of the Encrypted payload is different than what is described here. See [AEAD] for more information on authenticated encryption algorithms and their use in ESP. The payload type for an Encrypted payload is forty-six (46). The Encrypted payload consists of the IKE generic payload header followed by individual fields as follows:
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 108
                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | Next Payload  |C|  RESERVED   |         Payload Length        |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                     Initialization Vector                     |
   |         (length is block size for encryption algorithm)       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                    Encrypted IKE Payloads                     ~
   +               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |               |             Padding (0-255 octets)            |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                               |  Pad Length   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   ~                    Integrity Checksum Data                    ~
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

            Figure 21:  Encrypted Payload Format

   o  Next Payload - The payload type of the first embedded payload.
      Note that this is an exception in the standard header format,
      since the Encrypted payload is the last payload in the message and
      therefore the Next Payload field would normally be zero.  But
      because the content of this payload is embedded payloads and there
      was no natural place to put the type of the first one, that type
      is placed here.

   o  Payload Length - Includes the lengths of the header,
      initialization vector (IV), Encrypted IKE payloads, Padding, Pad
      Length, and Integrity Checksum Data.

   o  Initialization Vector - For CBC mode ciphers, the length of the
      initialization vector (IV) is equal to the block length of the
      underlying encryption algorithm.  Senders MUST select a new
      unpredictable IV for every message; recipients MUST accept any
      value.  The reader is encouraged to consult [MODES] for advice on
      IV generation.  In particular, using the final ciphertext block of
      the previous message is not considered unpredictable.  For modes
      other than CBC, the IV format and processing is specified in the
      document specifying the encryption algorithm and mode.

   o  IKE payloads are as specified earlier in this section.  This field
      is encrypted with the negotiated cipher.

   o  Padding MAY contain any value chosen by the sender, and MUST have
      a length that makes the combination of the payloads, the Padding,
      and the Pad Length to be a multiple of the encryption block size.
      This field is encrypted with the negotiated cipher.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 109
   o  Pad Length is the length of the Padding field.  The sender SHOULD
      set the Pad Length to the minimum value that makes the combination
      of the payloads, the Padding, and the Pad Length a multiple of the
      block size, but the recipient MUST accept any length that results
      in proper alignment.  This field is encrypted with the negotiated
      cipher.

   o  Integrity Checksum Data is the cryptographic checksum of the
      entire message starting with the Fixed IKE header through the Pad
      Length.  The checksum MUST be computed over the encrypted message.
      Its length is determined by the integrity algorithm negotiated.

3.15. Configuration Payload

The Configuration payload, denoted CP in this document, is used to exchange configuration information between IKE peers. The exchange is for an IRAC to request an internal IP address from an IRAS and to exchange other information of the sort that one would acquire with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) if the IRAC were directly connected to a LAN. The Configuration payload is defined as follows: 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Next Payload |C| RESERVED | Payload Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | CFG Type | RESERVED | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Configuration Attributes ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 22: Configuration Payload Format The payload type for the Configuration payload is forty-seven (47). o CFG Type (1 octet) - The type of exchange represented by the Configuration Attributes. The values in the following table are only current as of the publication date of RFC 4306. Other values may have been added since then or will be added after the publication of this document. Readers should refer to [IKEV2IANA] for the latest values.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 110
      CFG Type           Value
      --------------------------
      CFG_REQUEST        1
      CFG_REPLY          2
      CFG_SET            3
      CFG_ACK            4

   o  RESERVED (3 octets) - MUST be sent as zero; MUST be ignored on
      receipt.

   o  Configuration Attributes (variable length) - These are type length
      value (TLV) structures specific to the Configuration payload and
      are defined below.  There may be zero or more Configuration
      Attributes in this payload.

3.15.1. Configuration Attributes

1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |R| Attribute Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ Value ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 23: Configuration Attribute Format o Reserved (1 bit) - This bit MUST be set to zero and MUST be ignored on receipt. o Attribute Type (15 bits) - A unique identifier for each of the Configuration Attribute Types. o Length (2 octets, unsigned integer) - Length in octets of value. o Value (0 or more octets) - The variable-length value of this Configuration Attribute. The following lists the attribute types. The values in the following table are only current as of the publication date of RFC 4306 (except INTERNAL_ADDRESS_EXPIRY and INTERNAL_IP6_NBNS which were removed by this document). Other values may have been added since then or will be added after the publication of this document. Readers should refer to [IKEV2IANA] for the latest values.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 111
      Attribute Type           Value  Multi-Valued  Length
      ------------------------------------------------------------
      INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS     1      YES*          0 or 4 octets
      INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK     2      NO            0 or 4 octets
      INTERNAL_IP4_DNS         3      YES           0 or 4 octets
      INTERNAL_IP4_NBNS        4      YES           0 or 4 octets
      INTERNAL_IP4_DHCP        6      YES           0 or 4 octets
      APPLICATION_VERSION      7      NO            0 or more
      INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS     8      YES*          0 or 17 octets
      INTERNAL_IP6_DNS         10     YES           0 or 16 octets
      INTERNAL_IP6_DHCP        12     YES           0 or 16 octets
      INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET      13     YES           0 or 8 octets
      SUPPORTED_ATTRIBUTES     14     NO            Multiple of 2
      INTERNAL_IP6_SUBNET      15     YES           17 octets

      * These attributes may be multi-valued on return only if
        multiple values were requested.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS, INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS - An address on the
      internal network, sometimes called a red node address or private
      address, and it MAY be a private address on the Internet.  In a
      request message, the address specified is a requested address (or
      a zero-length address if no specific address is requested).  If a
      specific address is requested, it likely indicates that a previous
      connection existed with this address and the requestor would like
      to reuse that address.  With IPv6, a requestor MAY supply the low-
      order address octets it wants to use.  Multiple internal addresses
      MAY be requested by requesting multiple internal address
      attributes.  The responder MAY only send up to the number of
      addresses requested.  The INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS is made up of two
      fields: the first is a 16-octet IPv6 address, and the second is a
      one-octet prefix-length as defined in [ADDRIPV6].  The requested
      address is valid as long as this IKE SA (or its rekeyed
      successors) requesting the address is valid.  This is described in
      more detail in Section 3.15.3.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK - The internal network's netmask.  Only one
      netmask is allowed in the request and response messages (e.g.,
      255.255.255.0), and it MUST be used only with an
      INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS attribute.  INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK in a
      CFG_REPLY means roughly the same thing as INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET
      containing the same information ("send traffic to these addresses
      through me"), but also implies a link boundary.  For instance, the
      client could use its own address and the netmask to calculate the
      broadcast address of the link.  An empty INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK
      attribute can be included in a CFG_REQUEST to request this
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 112
      information (although the gateway can send the information even
      when not requested).  Non-empty values for this attribute in a
      CFG_REQUEST do not make sense and thus MUST NOT be included.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_DNS, INTERNAL_IP6_DNS - Specifies an address of a DNS
      server within the network.  Multiple DNS servers MAY be requested.
      The responder MAY respond with zero or more DNS server attributes.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_NBNS - Specifies an address of a NetBios Name Server
      (WINS) within the network.  Multiple NBNS servers MAY be
      requested.  The responder MAY respond with zero or more NBNS
      server attributes.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_DHCP, INTERNAL_IP6_DHCP - Instructs the host to send
      any internal DHCP requests to the address contained within the
      attribute.  Multiple DHCP servers MAY be requested.  The responder
      MAY respond with zero or more DHCP server attributes.

   o  APPLICATION_VERSION - The version or application information of
      the IPsec host.  This is a string of printable ASCII characters
      that is NOT null terminated.

   o  INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET - The protected sub-networks that this edge-
      device protects.  This attribute is made up of two fields: the
      first being an IP address and the second being a netmask.
      Multiple sub-networks MAY be requested.  The responder MAY respond
      with zero or more sub-network attributes.  This is discussed in
      more detail in Section 3.15.2.

   o  SUPPORTED_ATTRIBUTES - When used within a Request, this attribute
      MUST be zero-length and specifies a query to the responder to
      reply back with all of the attributes that it supports.  The
      response contains an attribute that contains a set of attribute
      identifiers each in 2 octets.  The length divided by 2 (octets)
      would state the number of supported attributes contained in the
      response.

   o  INTERNAL_IP6_SUBNET - The protected sub-networks that this edge-
      device protects.  This attribute is made up of two fields: the
      first is a 16-octet IPv6 address, and the second is a one-octet
      prefix-length as defined in [ADDRIPV6].  Multiple sub-networks MAY
      be requested.  The responder MAY respond with zero or more sub-
      network attributes.  This is discussed in more detail in
      Section 3.15.2.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 113
   Note that no recommendations are made in this document as to how an
   implementation actually figures out what information to send in a
   response.  That is, we do not recommend any specific method of an
   IRAS determining which DNS server should be returned to a requesting
   IRAC.

   The CFG_REQUEST and CFG_REPLY pair allows an IKE endpoint to request
   information from its peer.  If an attribute in the CFG_REQUEST
   Configuration payload is not zero-length, it is taken as a suggestion
   for that attribute.  The CFG_REPLY Configuration payload MAY return
   that value, or a new one.  It MAY also add new attributes and not
   include some requested ones.  Unrecognized or unsupported attributes
   MUST be ignored in both requests and responses.

   The CFG_SET and CFG_ACK pair allows an IKE endpoint to push
   configuration data to its peer.  In this case, the CFG_SET
   Configuration payload contains attributes the initiator wants its
   peer to alter.  The responder MUST return a Configuration payload if
   it accepted any of the configuration data and it MUST contain the
   attributes that the responder accepted with zero-length data.  Those
   attributes that it did not accept MUST NOT be in the CFG_ACK
   Configuration payload.  If no attributes were accepted, the responder
   MUST return either an empty CFG_ACK payload or a response message
   without a CFG_ACK payload.  There are currently no defined uses for
   the CFG_SET/CFG_ACK exchange, though they may be used in connection
   with extensions based on Vendor IDs.  An implementation of this
   specification MAY ignore CFG_SET payloads.

3.15.2. Meaning of INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET and INTERNAL_IP6_SUBNET

INTERNAL_IP4/6_SUBNET attributes can indicate additional subnets, ones that need one or more separate SAs, that can be reached through the gateway that announces the attributes. INTERNAL_IP4/6_SUBNET attributes may also express the gateway's policy about what traffic should be sent through the gateway; the client can choose whether other traffic (covered by TSr, but not in INTERNAL_IP4/6_SUBNET) is sent through the gateway or directly to the destination. Thus, traffic to the addresses listed in the INTERNAL_IP4/6_SUBNET attributes should be sent through the gateway that announces the attributes. If there are no existing Child SAs whose Traffic Selectors cover the address in question, new SAs need to be created.
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 114
   For instance, if there are two subnets, 198.51.100.0/26 and
   192.0.2.0/24, and the client's request contains the following:

   CP(CFG_REQUEST) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS()
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255)

   then a valid response could be the following (in which TSr and
   INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET contain the same information):

   CP(CFG_REPLY) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS(198.51.100.234)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(198.51.100.0/255.255.255.192)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.234-198.51.100.234)
   TSr = ((0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.0-198.51.100.63),
          (0, 0-65535, 192.0.2.0-192.0.2.255))

   In these cases, the INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET does not really carry any
   useful information.

   A different possible response would have been this:

   CP(CFG_REPLY) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS(198.51.100.234)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(198.51.100.0/255.255.255.192)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.234-198.51.100.234)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255)

   That response would mean that the client can send all its traffic
   through the gateway, but the gateway does not mind if the client
   sends traffic not included by INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET directly to the
   destination (without going through the gateway).

   A different situation arises if the gateway has a policy that
   requires the traffic for the two subnets to be carried in separate
   SAs.  Then a response like this would indicate to the client that if
   it wants access to the second subnet, it needs to create a separate
   SA:

   CP(CFG_REPLY) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS(198.51.100.234)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(198.51.100.0/255.255.255.192)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.234-198.51.100.234)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.0-198.51.100.63)
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   INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET can also be useful if the client's TSr included
   only part of the address space.  For instance, if the client requests
   the following:

   CP(CFG_REQUEST) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS()
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, 192.0.2.155-192.0.2.155)

   then the gateway's response might be:

   CP(CFG_REPLY) =
     INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS(198.51.100.234)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(198.51.100.0/255.255.255.192)
     INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET(192.0.2.0/255.255.255.0)
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 198.51.100.234-198.51.100.234)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, 192.0.2.155-192.0.2.155)

   Because the meaning of INTERNAL_IP4_SUBNET/INTERNAL_IP6_SUBNET in
   CFG_REQUESTs is unclear, they cannot be used reliably in
   CFG_REQUESTs.

3.15.3. Configuration Payloads for IPv6

The Configuration payloads for IPv6 are based on the corresponding IPv4 payloads, and do not fully follow the "normal IPv6 way of doing things". In particular, IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration or router advertisement messages are not used, neither is neighbor discovery. Note that there is an additional document that discusses IPv6 configuration in IKEv2, [IPV6CONFIG]. At the present time, it is an experimental document, but there is a hope that with more implementation experience, it will gain the same standards treatment as this document. A client can be assigned an IPv6 address using the INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS Configuration payload. A minimal exchange might look like this: CP(CFG_REQUEST) = INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS() INTERNAL_IP6_DNS() TSi = (0, 0-65535, :: - FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF) TSr = (0, 0-65535, :: - FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF)
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   CP(CFG_REPLY) =
     INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS(2001:DB8:0:1:2:3:4:5/64)
     INTERNAL_IP6_DNS(2001:DB8:99:88:77:66:55:44)
   TSi = (0, 0-65535, 2001:DB8:0:1:2:3:4:5 - 2001:DB8:0:1:2:3:4:5)
   TSr = (0, 0-65535, :: - FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF)

   The client MAY send a non-empty INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS attribute in the
   CFG_REQUEST to request a specific address or interface identifier.
   The gateway first checks if the specified address is acceptable, and
   if it is, returns that one.  If the address was not acceptable, the
   gateway attempts to use the interface identifier with some other
   prefix; if even that fails, the gateway selects another interface
   identifier.

   The INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS attribute also contains a prefix length
   field.  When used in a CFG_REPLY, this corresponds to the
   INTERNAL_IP4_NETMASK attribute in the IPv4 case.

   Although this approach to configuring IPv6 addresses is reasonably
   simple, it has some limitations.  IPsec tunnels configured using
   IKEv2 are not fully featured "interfaces" in the IPv6 addressing
   architecture sense [ADDRIPV6].  In particular, they do not
   necessarily have link-local addresses, and this may complicate the
   use of protocols that assume them, such as [MLDV2].

3.15.4. Address Assignment Failures

If the responder encounters an error while attempting to assign an IP address to the initiator during the processing of a Configuration payload, it responds with an INTERNAL_ADDRESS_FAILURE notification. The IKE SA is still created even if the initial Child SA cannot be created because of this failure. If this error is generated within an IKE_AUTH exchange, no Child SA will be created. However, there are some more complex error cases. If the responder does not support Configuration payloads at all, it can simply ignore all Configuration payloads. This type of implementation never sends INTERNAL_ADDRESS_FAILURE notifications. If the initiator requires the assignment of an IP address, it will treat a response without CFG_REPLY as an error. The initiator may request a particular type of address (IPv4 or IPv6) that the responder does not support, even though the responder supports Configuration payloads. In this case, the responder simply ignores the type of address it does not support and processes the rest of the request as usual.
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   If the initiator requests multiple addresses of a type that the
   responder supports, and some (but not all) of the requests fail, the
   responder replies with the successful addresses only.  The responder
   sends INTERNAL_ADDRESS_FAILURE only if no addresses can be assigned.

   If the initiator does not receive the IP address(es) required by its
   policy, it MAY keep the IKE SA up and retry the Configuration payload
   as separate INFORMATIONAL exchange after suitable timeout, or it MAY
   tear down the IKE SA by sending a Delete payload inside a separate
   INFORMATIONAL exchange and later retry IKE SA from the beginning
   after some timeout.  Such a timeout should not be too short
   (especially if the IKE SA is started from the beginning) because
   these error situations may not be able to be fixed quickly; the
   timeout should likely be several minutes.  For example, an address
   shortage problem on the responder will probably only be fixed when
   more entries are returned to the address pool when other clients
   disconnect or when responder is reconfigured with larger address
   pool.

3.16. Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Payload

The Extensible Authentication Protocol payload, denoted EAP in this document, allows IKE SAs to be authenticated using the protocol defined in RFC 3748 [EAP] and subsequent extensions to that protocol. When using EAP, an appropriate EAP method needs to be selected. Many of these methods have been defined, specifying the protocol's use with various authentication mechanisms. EAP method types are listed in [EAP-IANA]. A short summary of the EAP format is included here for clarity. 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Next Payload |C| RESERVED | Payload Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | ~ EAP Message ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 24: EAP Payload Format The payload type for an EAP payload is forty-eight (48).
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                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Code      | Identifier    |           Length              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |     Type      | Type_Data...
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-

                   Figure 25:  EAP Message Format

   o  Code (1 octet) indicates whether this message is a Request (1),
      Response (2), Success (3), or Failure (4).

   o  Identifier (1 octet) is used in PPP to distinguish replayed
      messages from repeated ones.  Since in IKE, EAP runs over a
      reliable protocol, it serves no function here.  In a response
      message, this octet MUST be set to match the identifier in the
      corresponding request.

   o  Length (2 octets, unsigned integer) is the length of the EAP
      message and MUST be four less than the Payload Length of the
      encapsulating payload.

   o  Type (1 octet) is present only if the Code field is Request (1) or
      Response (2).  For other codes, the EAP message length MUST be
      four octets and the Type and Type_Data fields MUST NOT be present.
      In a Request (1) message, Type indicates the data being requested.
      In a Response (2) message, Type MUST either be Nak or match the
      type of the data requested.  Note that since IKE passes an
      indication of initiator identity in the first message in the
      IKE_AUTH exchange, the responder SHOULD NOT send EAP Identity
      requests (type 1).  The initiator MAY, however, respond to such
      requests if it receives them.

   o  Type_Data (Variable Length) varies with the Type of Request and
      the associated Response.  For the documentation of the EAP
      methods, see [EAP].

   Note that since IKE passes an indication of initiator identity in the
   first message in the IKE_AUTH exchange, the responder should not send
   EAP Identity requests.  The initiator may, however, respond to such
   requests if it receives them.

4. Conformance Requirements

In order to assure that all implementations of IKEv2 can interoperate, there are "MUST support" requirements in addition to those listed elsewhere. Of course, IKEv2 is a security protocol, and
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 119
   one of its major functions is to allow only authorized parties to
   successfully complete establishment of SAs.  So a particular
   implementation may be configured with any of a number of restrictions
   concerning algorithms and trusted authorities that will prevent
   universal interoperability.

   IKEv2 is designed to permit minimal implementations that can
   interoperate with all compliant implementations.  The following are
   features that can be omitted in a minimal implementation:

   o  Ability to negotiate SAs through a NAT and tunnel the resulting
      ESP SA over UDP.

   o  Ability to request (and respond to a request for) a temporary IP
      address on the remote end of a tunnel.

   o  Ability to support EAP-based authentication.

   o  Ability to support window sizes greater than one.

   o  Ability to establish multiple ESP or AH SAs within a single IKE
      SA.

   o  Ability to rekey SAs.

   To assure interoperability, all implementations MUST be capable of
   parsing all payload types (if only to skip over them) and to ignore
   payload types that it does not support unless the critical bit is set
   in the payload header.  If the critical bit is set in an unsupported
   payload header, all implementations MUST reject the messages
   containing those payloads.

   Every implementation MUST be capable of doing four-message
   IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges establishing two SAs (one for IKE,
   one for ESP or AH).  Implementations MAY be initiate-only or respond-
   only if appropriate for their platform.  Every implementation MUST be
   capable of responding to an INFORMATIONAL exchange, but a minimal
   implementation MAY respond to any request in the INFORMATIONAL
   exchange with an empty response (note that within the context of an
   IKE SA, an "empty" message consists of an IKE header followed by an
   Encrypted payload with no payloads contained in it).  A minimal
   implementation MAY support the CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange only in so
   far as to recognize requests and reject them with a Notify payload of
   type NO_ADDITIONAL_SAS.  A minimal implementation need not be able to
   initiate CREATE_CHILD_SA or INFORMATIONAL exchanges.  When an SA
   expires (based on locally configured values of either lifetime or
   octets passed), and implementation MAY either try to renew it with a
   CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange or it MAY delete (close) the old SA and
ToP   noToC   RFC5996 - Page 120
   create a new one.  If the responder rejects the CREATE_CHILD_SA
   request with a NO_ADDITIONAL_SAS notification, the implementation
   MUST be capable of instead deleting the old SA and creating a new
   one.

   Implementations are not required to support requesting temporary IP
   addresses or responding to such requests.  If an implementation does
   support issuing such requests and its policy requires using temporary
   IP addresses, it MUST include a CP payload in the first message in
   the IKE_AUTH exchange containing at least a field of type
   INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS or INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS.  All other fields are
   optional.  If an implementation supports responding to such requests,
   it MUST parse the CP payload of type CFG_REQUEST in the first message
   in the IKE_AUTH exchange and recognize a field of type
   INTERNAL_IP4_ADDRESS or INTERNAL_IP6_ADDRESS.  If it supports leasing
   an address of the appropriate type, it MUST return a CP payload of
   type CFG_REPLY containing an address of the requested type.  The
   responder may include any other related attributes.

   For an implementation to be called conforming to this specification,
   it MUST be possible to configure it to accept the following:

   o  Public Key Infrastructure using X.509 (PKIX) Certificates
      containing and signed by RSA keys of size 1024 or 2048 bits, where
      the ID passed is any of ID_KEY_ID, ID_FQDN, ID_RFC822_ADDR, or
      ID_DER_ASN1_DN.

   o  Shared key authentication where the ID passed is any of ID_KEY_ID,
      ID_FQDN, or ID_RFC822_ADDR.

   o  Authentication where the responder is authenticated using PKIX
      Certificates and the initiator is authenticated using shared key
      authentication.

5. Security Considerations

While this protocol is designed to minimize disclosure of configuration information to unauthenticated peers, some such disclosure is unavoidable. One peer or the other must identify itself first and prove its identity first. To avoid probing, the initiator of an exchange is required to identify itself first, and usually is required to authenticate itself first. The initiator can, however, learn that the responder supports IKE and what cryptographic protocols it supports. The responder (or someone impersonating the responder) can probe the initiator not only for its identity, but using CERTREQ payloads may be able to determine what certificates the initiator is willing to use.
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   Use of EAP authentication changes the probing possibilities somewhat.
   When EAP authentication is used, the responder proves its identity
   before the initiator does, so an initiator that knew the name of a
   valid initiator could probe the responder for both its name and
   certificates.

   Repeated rekeying using CREATE_CHILD_SA without additional Diffie-
   Hellman exchanges leaves all SAs vulnerable to cryptanalysis of a
   single key.  Implementers should take note of this fact and set a
   limit on CREATE_CHILD_SA exchanges between exponentiations.  This
   document does not prescribe such a limit.

   The strength of a key derived from a Diffie-Hellman exchange using
   any of the groups defined here depends on the inherent strength of
   the group, the size of the exponent used, and the entropy provided by
   the random number generator used.  Due to these inputs, it is
   difficult to determine the strength of a key for any of the defined
   groups.  Diffie-Hellman group number two, when used with a strong
   random number generator and an exponent no less than 200 bits, is
   common for use with 3DES.  Group five provides greater security than
   group two.  Group one is for historic purposes only and does not
   provide sufficient strength except for use with DES, which is also
   for historic use only.  Implementations should make note of these
   estimates when establishing policy and negotiating security
   parameters.

   Note that these limitations are on the Diffie-Hellman groups
   themselves.  There is nothing in IKE that prohibits using stronger
   groups nor is there anything that will dilute the strength obtained
   from stronger groups (limited by the strength of the other algorithms
   negotiated including the PRF).  In fact, the extensible framework of
   IKE encourages the definition of more groups; use of elliptic curve
   groups may greatly increase strength using much smaller numbers.

   It is assumed that all Diffie-Hellman exponents are erased from
   memory after use.

   The IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges happen before the initiator
   has been authenticated.  As a result, an implementation of this
   protocol needs to be completely robust when deployed on any insecure
   network.  Implementation vulnerabilities, particularly DoS attacks,
   can be exploited by unauthenticated peers.  This issue is
   particularly worrisome because of the unlimited number of messages in
   EAP-based authentication.

   The strength of all keys is limited by the size of the output of the
   negotiated PRF.  For this reason, a PRF whose output is less than 128
   bits (e.g., 3DES-CBC) MUST NOT be used with this protocol.
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   The security of this protocol is critically dependent on the
   randomness of the randomly chosen parameters.  These should be
   generated by a strong random or properly seeded pseudorandom source
   (see [RANDOMNESS]).  Implementers should take care to ensure that use
   of random numbers for both keys and nonces is engineered in a fashion
   that does not undermine the security of the keys.

   For information on the rationale of many of the cryptographic design
   choices in this protocol, see [SIGMA] and [SKEME].  Though the
   security of negotiated Child SAs does not depend on the strength of
   the encryption and integrity protection negotiated in the IKE SA,
   implementations MUST NOT negotiate NONE as the IKE integrity
   protection algorithm or ENCR_NULL as the IKE encryption algorithm.

   When using pre-shared keys, a critical consideration is how to assure
   the randomness of these secrets.  The strongest practice is to ensure
   that any pre-shared key contain as much randomness as the strongest
   key being negotiated.  Deriving a shared secret from a password,
   name, or other low-entropy source is not secure.  These sources are
   subject to dictionary and social-engineering attacks, among others.

   The NAT_DETECTION_*_IP notifications contain a hash of the addresses
   and ports in an attempt to hide internal IP addresses behind a NAT.
   Since the IPv4 address space is only 32 bits, and it is usually very
   sparse, it would be possible for an attacker to find out the internal
   address used behind the NAT box by trying all possible IP addresses
   and trying to find the matching hash.  The port numbers are normally
   fixed to 500, and the SPIs can be extracted from the packet.  This
   reduces the number of hash calculations to 2^32.  With an educated
   guess of the use of private address space, the number of hash
   calculations is much smaller.  Designers should therefore not assume
   that use of IKE will not leak internal address information.

   When using an EAP authentication method that does not generate a
   shared key for protecting a subsequent AUTH payload, certain man-in-
   the-middle and server-impersonation attacks are possible [EAPMITM].
   These vulnerabilities occur when EAP is also used in protocols that
   are not protected with a secure tunnel.  Since EAP is a general-
   purpose authentication protocol, which is often used to provide
   single-signon facilities, a deployed IPsec solution that relies on an
   EAP authentication method that does not generate a shared key (also
   known as a non-key-generating EAP method) can become compromised due
   to the deployment of an entirely unrelated application that also
   happens to use the same non-key-generating EAP method, but in an
   unprotected fashion.  Note that this vulnerability is not limited to
   just EAP, but can occur in other scenarios where an authentication
   infrastructure is reused.  For example, if the EAP mechanism used by
   IKEv2 utilizes a token authenticator, a man-in-the-middle attacker
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   could impersonate the web server, intercept the token authentication
   exchange, and use it to initiate an IKEv2 connection.  For this
   reason, use of non-key-generating EAP methods SHOULD be avoided where
   possible.  Where they are used, it is extremely important that all
   usages of these EAP methods SHOULD utilize a protected tunnel, where
   the initiator validates the responder's certificate before initiating
   the EAP authentication.  Implementers should describe the
   vulnerabilities of using non-key-generating EAP methods in the
   documentation of their implementations so that the administrators
   deploying IPsec solutions are aware of these dangers.

   An implementation using EAP MUST also use a public-key-based
   authentication of the server to the client before the EAP
   authentication begins, even if the EAP method offers mutual
   authentication.  This avoids having additional IKEv2 protocol
   variations and protects the EAP data from active attackers.

   If the messages of IKEv2 are long enough that IP-level fragmentation
   is necessary, it is possible that attackers could prevent the
   exchange from completing by exhausting the reassembly buffers.  The
   chances of this can be minimized by using the Hash and URL encodings
   instead of sending certificates (see Section 3.6).  Additional
   mitigations are discussed in [DOSUDPPROT].

   Admission control is critical to the security of the protocol.  For
   example, trust anchors used for identifying IKE peers should probably
   be different than those used for other forms of trust, such as those
   used to identify public web servers.  Moreover, although IKE provides
   a great deal of leeway in defining the security policy for a trusted
   peer's identity, credentials, and the correlation between them,
   having such security policy defined explicitly is essential to a
   secure implementation.

5.1. Traffic Selector Authorization

IKEv2 relies on information in the Peer Authorization Database (PAD) when determining what kind of Child SAs a peer is allowed to create. This process is described in Section 4.4.3 of [IPSECARCH]. When a peer requests the creation of an Child SA with some Traffic Selectors, the PAD must contain "Child SA Authorization Data" linking the identity authenticated by IKEv2 and the addresses permitted for Traffic Selectors. For example, the PAD might be configured so that authenticated identity "sgw23.example.com" is allowed to create Child SAs for 192.0.2.0/24, meaning this security gateway is a valid "representative" for these addresses. Host-to-host IPsec requires
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   similar entries, linking, for example, "fooserver4.example.com" with
   198.51.100.66/32, meaning this identity is a valid "owner" or
   "representative" of the address in question.

   As noted in [IPSECARCH], "It is necessary to impose these constraints
   on creation of child SAs to prevent an authenticated peer from
   spoofing IDs associated with other, legitimate peers".  In the
   example given above, a correct configuration of the PAD prevents
   sgw23 from creating Child SAs with address 198.51.100.66, and
   prevents fooserver4 from creating Child SAs with addresses from
   192.0.2.0/24.

   It is important to note that simply sending IKEv2 packets using some
   particular address does not imply a permission to create Child SAs
   with that address in the Traffic Selectors.  For example, even if
   sgw23 would be able to spoof its IP address as 198.51.100.66, it
   could not create Child SAs matching fooserver4's traffic.

   The IKEv2 specification does not specify how exactly IP address
   assignment using Configuration payloads interacts with the PAD.  Our
   interpretation is that when a security gateway assigns an address
   using Configuration payloads, it also creates a temporary PAD entry
   linking the authenticated peer identity and the newly allocated inner
   address.

   It has been recognized that configuring the PAD correctly may be
   difficult in some environments.  For instance, if IPsec is used
   between a pair of hosts whose addresses are allocated dynamically
   using DHCP, it is extremely difficult to ensure that the PAD
   specifies the correct "owner" for each IP address.  This would
   require a mechanism to securely convey address assignments from the
   DHCP server, and link them to identities authenticated using IKEv2.

   Due to this limitation, some vendors have been known to configure
   their PADs to allow an authenticated peer to create Child SAs with
   Traffic Selectors containing the same address that was used for the
   IKEv2 packets.  In environments where IP spoofing is possible (i.e.,
   almost everywhere) this essentially allows any peer to create Child
   SAs with any Traffic Selectors.  This is not an appropriate or secure
   configuration in most circumstances.  See [H2HIPSEC] for an extensive
   discussion about this issue, and the limitations of host-to-host
   IPsec in general.

6. IANA Considerations

[IKEV2] defined many field types and values. IANA has already registered those types and values in [IKEV2IANA], so they are not listed here again.
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   Two items have been removed from the IKEv2 Configuration Payload
   Attribute Types table: INTERNAL_IP6_NBNS and INTERNAL_ADDRESS_EXPIRY.

   Two new additions to the IKEv2 parameters "NOTIFY MESSAGES - ERROR
   TYPES" registry are defined here that were not defined in [IKEV2]:

   43   TEMPORARY_FAILURE
   44   CHILD_SA_NOT_FOUND

   IANA has changed the existing IKEv2 Payload Types table from:

   46        Encrypted                        E          [IKEV2]

   to

   46        Encrypted and Authenticated      SK    [This document]

   IANA has updated all references to RFC 4306 to point to this
   document.

7. Acknowledgements

Many individuals in the IPsecME Working Group were very helpful in contributing ideas and text for this document, as well as in reviewing the clarifications suggested by others. The acknowledgements from the IKEv2 document were: This document is a collaborative effort of the entire IPsec WG. If there were no limit to the number of authors that could appear on an RFC, the following, in alphabetical order, would have been listed: Bill Aiello, Stephane Beaulieu, Steve Bellovin, Sara Bitan, Matt Blaze, Ran Canetti, Darren Dukes, Dan Harkins, Paul Hoffman, John Ioannidis, Charlie Kaufman, Steve Kent, Angelos Keromytis, Tero Kivinen, Hugo Krawczyk, Andrew Krywaniuk, Radia Perlman, Omer Reingold, and Michael Richardson. Many other people contributed to the design. It is an evolution of IKEv1, ISAKMP, and the IPsec DOI, each of which has its own list of authors. Hugh Daniel suggested the feature of having the initiator, in message 3, specify a name for the responder, and gave the feature the cute name "You Tarzan, Me Jane". David Faucher and Valery Smyslov helped refine the design of the Traffic Selector negotiation.


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