Tech-invite3GPPspaceIETFspace
959493929190898887868584838281807978777675747372717069686766656463626160595857565554535251504948474645444342414039383736353433323130292827262524232221201918171615141312111009080706050403020100
in Index   Prev   Next

RFC 2974

Session Announcement Protocol

Pages: 18
Experimental

ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 1
Network Working Group                                         M. Handley
Request for Comments: 2974                                         ACIRI
Category: Experimental                                        C. Perkins
                                                                 USC/ISI
                                                               E. Whelan
                                                                     UCL
                                                            October 2000


                     Session Announcement Protocol

Status of this Memo

   This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
   community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
   Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

This document describes version 2 of the multicast session directory announcement protocol, Session Announcement Protocol (SAP), and the related issues affecting security and scalability that should be taken into account by implementors.

1 Introduction

In order to assist the advertisement of multicast multimedia conferences and other multicast sessions, and to communicate the relevant session setup information to prospective participants, a distributed session directory may be used. An instance of such a session directory periodically multicasts packets containing a description of the session, and these advertisements are received by other session directories such that potential remote participants can use the session description to start the tools required to participate in the session. This memo describes the issues involved in the multicast announcement of session description information and defines an announcement protocol to be used. Sessions are described using the session description protocol which is described in a companion memo [4].
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 2

2 Terminology

A SAP announcer periodically multicasts an announcement packet to a well known multicast address and port. The announcement is multicast with the same scope as the session it is announcing, ensuring that the recipients of the announcement are within the scope of the session the announcement describes (bandwidth and other such constraints permitting). This is also important for the scalability of the protocol, as it keeps local session announcements local. A SAP listener learns of the multicast scopes it is within (for example, using the Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol [5]) and listens on the well known SAP address and port for those scopes. In this manner, it will eventually learn of all the sessions being announced, allowing those sessions to be joined. The key words `MUST', `MUST NOT', `REQUIRED', `SHALL', `SHALL NOT', `SHOULD', `SHOULD NOT', `RECOMMENDED', `MAY', and `OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as described in [1].

3 Session Announcement

As noted previously, a SAP announcer periodically sends an announcement packet to a well known multicast address and port. There is no rendezvous mechanism - the SAP announcer is not aware of the presence or absence of any SAP listeners - and no additional reliability is provided over the standard best-effort UDP/IP semantics. That announcement contains a session description and SHOULD contain an authentication header. The session description MAY be encrypted although this is NOT RECOMMENDED (see section 7). A SAP announcement is multicast with the same scope as the session it is announcing, ensuring that the recipients of the announcement are within the scope of the session the announcement describes. There are a number of possibilities: IPv4 global scope sessions use multicast addresses in the range 224.2.128.0 - 224.2.255.255 with SAP announcements being sent to 224.2.127.254 (note that 224.2.127.255 is used by the obsolete SAPv0 and MUST NOT be used).
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 3
   IPv4 administrative scope sessions using administratively scoped IP
      multicast as defined in [7].  The multicast address to be used for
      announcements is the highest multicast address in the relevant
      administrative scope zone.  For example, if the scope range is
      239.16.32.0 - 239.16.33.255, then 239.16.33.255 is used for SAP
      announcements.

   IPv6 sessions are announced on the address FF0X:0:0:0:0:0:2:7FFE
      where X is the 4-bit scope value.  For example, an announcement
      for a link-local session assigned the address
      FF02:0:0:0:0:0:1234:5678, should be advertised on SAP address
      FF02:0:0:0:0:0:2:7FFE.

   Ensuring that a description is not used by a potential participant
   outside the session scope is not addressed in this memo.

   SAP announcements MUST be sent on port 9875 and SHOULD be sent with
   an IP time-to-live of 255 (the use of TTL scoping for multicast is
   discouraged [7]).

   If a session uses addresses in multiple administrative scope ranges,
   it is necessary for the announcer to send identical copies of the
   announcement to each administrative scope range.  It is up to the
   listeners to parse such multiple announcements as the same session
   (as identified by the SDP origin field, for example).  The
   announcement rate for each administrative scope range MUST be
   calculated separately, as if the multiple announcements were
   separate.

   Multiple announcers may announce a single session, as an aid to
   robustness in the face of packet loss and failure of one or more
   announcers.  The rate at which each announcer repeats its
   announcement MUST be scaled back such that the total announcement
   rate is equal to that which a single server would choose.
   Announcements made in this manner MUST be identical.

   If multiple announcements are being made for a session, then each
   announcement MUST carry an authentication header signed by the same
   key, or be treated as a completely separate announcement by
   listeners.

   An IPv4 SAP listener SHOULD listen on the IPv4 global scope SAP
   address and on the SAP addresses for each IPv4 administrative scope
   zone it is within.  The discovery of administrative scope zones is
   outside the scope of this memo, but it is assumed that each SAP
   listener within a particular scope zone is aware of that scope zone.
   A SAP listener which supports IPv6 SHOULD also listen to the IPv6 SAP
   addresses.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 4

3.1 Announcement Interval

The time period between repetitions of an announcement is chosen such that the total bandwidth used by all announcements on a single SAP group remains below a preconfigured limit. If not otherwise specified, the bandwidth limit SHOULD be assumed to be 4000 bits per second. Each announcer is expected to listen to other announcements in order to determine the total number of sessions being announced on a particular group. Sessions are uniquely identified by the combination of the message identifier hash and originating source fields of the SAP header (note that SAP v0 announcers always set the message identifier hash to zero, and if such an announcement is received the entire message MUST be compared to determine uniqueness). Announcements are made by periodic multicast to the group. The base interval between announcements is derived from the number of announcements being made in that group, the size of the announcement and the configured bandwidth limit. The actual transmission time is derived from this base interval as follows: 1. The announcer initializes the variable tp to be the last time a particular announcement was transmitted (or the current time if this is the first time this announcement is to be made). 2. Given a configured bandwidth limit in bits/second and an announcement of ad_size bytes, the base announcement interval in seconds is interval =max(300; (8*no_of_ads*ad_size)/limit) 3. An offset is calculated based on the base announcement interval offset= rand(interval* 2/3)-(interval/3) 4. The next transmission time for an announcement derived as tn =tp+ interval+ offset The announcer then sets a timer to expire at tn and waits. At time tn the announcer SHOULD recalculate the next transmission time. If the new value of tn is before the current time, the announcement is sent immediately. Otherwise the transmission is rescheduled for the new tn. This reconsideration prevents transient packet bursts on startup and when a network partition heals.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 5

4 Session Deletion

Sessions may be deleted in one of several ways: Explicit Timeout The session description payload may contain timestamp information specifying the start- and end-times of the session. If the current time is later than the end-time of the session, then the session SHOULD be deleted from the receiver's session cache. Implicit Timeout A session announcement message should be received periodically for each session description in a receiver's session cache. The announcement period can be predicted by the receiver from the set of sessions currently being announced. If a session announcement message has not been received for ten times the announcement period, or one hour, whichever is the greater, then the session is deleted from the receiver's session cache. The one hour minimum is to allow for transient network partitionings. Explicit Deletion A session deletion packet is received specifying the session to be deleted. Session deletion packets SHOULD have a valid authentication header, matching that used to authenticate previous announcement packets. If this authentication is missing, the deletion message SHOULD be ignored.

5 Session Modification

A pre-announced session can be modified by simply announcing the modified session description. In this case, the version hash in the SAP header MUST be changed to indicate to receivers that the packet contents should be parsed (or decrypted and parsed if it is encrypted). The session itself, as distinct from the session announcement, is uniquely identified by the payload and not by the message identifier hash in the header. The same rules apply for session modification as for session deletion: o Either the modified announcement must contain an authentication header signed by the same key as the cached session announcement it is modifying, or: o The cached session announcement must not contain an authentication header, and the session modification announcement must originate from the same host as the session it is modifying.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 6
   If an announcement is received containing an authentication header
   and the cached announcement did not contain an authentication header,
   or it contained a different authentication header, then the modified
   announcement MUST be treated as a new and different announcement, and
   displayed in addition to the un-authenticated announcement.  The same
   should happen if a modified packet without an authentication header
   is received from a different source than the original announcement.

   These rules prevent an announcement having an authentication header
   added by a malicious user and then being deleted using that header,
   and it also prevents a denial-of-service attack by someone putting
   out a spoof announcement which, due to packet loss, reaches some
   participants before the original announcement.  Note that under such
   circumstances, being able to authenticate the message originator is
   the only way to discover which session is the correct session.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | V=1 |A|R|T|E|C|   auth len    |         msg id hash           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   :                originating source (32 or 128 bits)            :
   :                                                               :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                    optional authentication data               |
   :                              ....                             :
   *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
   |                      optional payload type                    |
   +                                         +-+- - - - - - - - - -+
   |                                         |0|                   |
   + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-+                   |
   |                                                               |
   :                            payload                            :
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                     Figure 1: Packet format

6 Packet Format

SAP data packets have the format described in figure 1. V: Version Number. The version number field MUST be set to 1 (SAPv2 announcements which use only SAPv1 features are backwards compatible, those which use new features can be detected by other means, so the SAP version number doesn't need to change).
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 7
   A: Address type. If the A bit is 0, the originating source field
      contains a 32-bit IPv4 address.  If the A bit is 1, the
      originating source contains a 128-bit IPv6 address.

   R: Reserved. SAP announcers MUST set this to 0, SAP listeners MUST
      ignore the contents of this field.

   T: Message Type. If the T field is set to 0 this is a session
      announcement packet, if 1 this is a session deletion packet.

   E: Encryption Bit. If the encryption bit is set to 1, the payload of
      the SAP packet is encrypted.  If this bit is 0 the packet is not
      encrypted.  See section 7 for details of the encryption process.

   C: Compressed bit. If the compressed bit is set to 1, the payload is
      compressed using the zlib compression algorithm [3].  If the
      payload is to be compressed and encrypted, the compression MUST be
      performed first.

   Authentication Length. An 8 bit unsigned quantity giving the number
      of 32 bit words following the main SAP header that contain
      authentication data.  If it is zero, no authentication header is
      present.

   Authentication data containing a digital signature of the packet,
      with length as specified by the authentication length header
      field.  See section 8 for details of the authentication process.

   Message Identifier Hash. A 16 bit quantity that, used in combination
      with the originating source, provides a globally unique identifier
      indicating the precise version of this announcement.  The choice
      of value for this field is not specified here, except that it MUST
      be unique for each session announced by a particular SAP announcer
      and it MUST be changed if the session description is modified (and
      a session deletion message SHOULD be sent for the old version of
      the session).

      Earlier versions of SAP used a value of zero to mean that the hash
      should be ignored and the payload should always be parsed.  This
      had the unfortunate side-effect that SAP announcers had to study
      the payload data to determine how many unique sessions were being
      advertised, making the calculation of the announcement interval
      more complex that necessary.  In order to decouple the session
      announcement process from the contents of those announcements, SAP
      announcers SHOULD NOT set the message identifier hash to zero.

      SAP listeners MAY silently discard messages if the message
      identifier hash is set to zero.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 8
   Originating Source. This gives the IP address of the original source
      of the message.  This is an IPv4 address if the A field is set to
      zero, else it is an IPv6 address.  The address is stored in
      network byte order.

      SAPv0 permitted the originating source to be zero if the message
      identifier hash was also zero.  This practise is no longer legal,
      and SAP announcers SHOULD NOT set the originating source to zero.
      SAP listeners MAY silently discard packets with the originating
      source set to zero.

   The header is followed by an optional payload type field and the
   payload data itself.  If the E or C bits are set in the header both
   the payload type and payload are encrypted and/or compressed.

   The payload type field is a MIME content type specifier, describing
   the format of the payload.  This is a variable length ASCII text
   string, followed by a single zero byte (ASCII NUL).  The payload type
   SHOULD be included in all packets.  If the payload type is
   `application/sdp' both the payload type and its terminating zero byte
   MAY be omitted, although this is intended for backwards compatibility
   with SAP v1 listeners only.

   The absence of a payload type field may be noted since the payload
   section of such a packet will start with an SDP `v=0' field, which is
   not a legal MIME content type specifier.

   All implementations MUST support payloads of type `application/sdp'
   [4].  Other formats MAY be supported although since there is no
   negotiation in SAP an announcer which chooses to use a session
   description format other than SDP cannot know that the listeners are
   able to understand the announcement.  A proliferation of payload
   types in announcements has the potential to lead to severe
   interoperability problems, and for this reason, the use of non-SDP
   payloads is NOT RECOMMENDED.

   If the packet is an announcement packet, the payload contains a
   session description.

   If the packet is a session deletion packet, the payload contains a
   session deletion message.  If the payload format is `application/sdp'
   the deletion message is a single SDP line consisting of the origin
   field of the announcement to be deleted.

   It is desirable for the payload to be sufficiently small that SAP
   packets do not get fragmented by the underlying network.
   Fragmentation has a loss multiplier effect, which is known to
   significantly affect the reliability of announcements.  It is
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 9
   RECOMMENDED that SAP packets are smaller than 1kByte in length,
   although if it is known that announcements will use a network with a
   smaller MTU than this, then that SHOULD be used as the maximum
   recommended packet size.

7 Encrypted Announcements

An announcement is received by all listeners in the scope to which it is sent. If an announcement is encrypted, and many of the receivers do not have the encryption key, there is a considerable waste of bandwidth since those receivers cannot use the announcement they have received. For this reason, the use of encrypted SAP announcements is NOT RECOMMENDED on the global scope SAP group or on administrative scope groups which may have many receivers which cannot decrypt those announcements. The opinion of the authors is that encrypted SAP is useful in special cases only, and that the vast majority of scenarios where encrypted SAP has been proposed may be better served by distributing session details using another mechanism. There are, however, certain scenarios where encrypted announcements may be useful. For this reason, the encryption bit is included in the SAP header to allow experimentation with encrypted announcements. This memo does not specify details of the encryption algorithm to be used or the means by which keys are generated and distributed. An additional specification should define these, if it is desired to use encrypted SAP. Note that if an encrypted announcement is being announced via a proxy, then there may be no way for the proxy to discover that the announcement has been superseded, and so it may continue to relay the old announcement in addition to the new announcement. SAP provides no mechanism to chain modified encrypted announcements, so it is advisable to announce the unmodified session as deleted for a short time after the modification has occurred. This does not guarantee that all proxies have deleted the session, and so receivers of encrypted sessions should be prepared to discard old versions of session announcements that they may receive. In most cases however, the only stateful proxy will be local to (and known to) the sender, and an additional (local-area) protocol involving a handshake for such session modifications can be used to avoid this problem. Session announcements that are encrypted with a symmetric algorithm may allow a degree of privacy in the announcement of a session, but it should be recognized that a user in possession of such a key can pass it on to other users who should not be in possession of such a key. Thus announcements to such a group of key holders cannot be
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 10
   assumed to have come from an authorized key holder unless there is an
   appropriate authentication header signed by an authorized key holder.
   In addition the recipients of such encrypted announcements cannot be
   assumed to only be authorized key holders.  Such encrypted
   announcements do not provide any real security unless all of the
   authorized key holders are trusted to maintain security of such
   session directory keys.  This property is shared by the multicast
   session tools themselves, where it is possible for an un-trustworthy
   member of the session to pass on encryption keys to un-authorized
   users.  However it is likely that keys used for the session tools
   will be more short lived than those used for session directories.

   Similar considerations should apply when session announcements are
   encrypted with an asymmetric algorithm, but then it is possible to
   restrict the possessor(s) of the private key, so that announcements
   to a key-holder group can not be made, even if one of the untrusted
   members of the group proves to be un-trustworthy.

                        1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | V=1 |P| Auth  |                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               |
   |              Format  specific authentication subheader        |
   :                        ..................                     :
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    Figure 2:  Format of the authentication data in the SAP header

8 Authenticated Announcements

The authentication header can be used for two purposes: o Verification that changes to a session description or deletion of a session are permitted. o Authentication of the identity of the session creator. In some circumstances only verification is possible because a certificate signed by a mutually trusted person or authority is not available. However, under such circumstances, the session originator may still be authenticated to be the same as the session originator of previous sessions claiming to be from the same person. This may or may not be sufficient depending on the purpose of the session and the people involved.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 11
   Clearly the key used for the authentication should not be trusted to
   belong to the session originator unless it has been separately
   authenticated by some other means, such as being certified by a
   trusted third party.  Such certificates are not normally included in
   an SAP header because they take more space than can normally be
   afforded in an SAP packet, and such verification must therefore take
   place by some other mechanism.  However, as certified public keys are
   normally locally cached, authentication of a particular key only has
   to take place once, rather than every time the session directory
   retransmits the announcement.

   SAP is not tied to any single authentication mechanism.
   Authentication data in the header is self-describing, but the precise
   format depends on the authentication mechanism in use.  The generic
   format of the authentication data is given in figure 2.  The
   structure of the format specific authentication subheader, using both
   the PGP and the CMS formats, is discussed in sections 8.1 and 8.2
   respectively.  Additional formats may be added in future.

   Version Number, V:  The version number of the authentication format
      specified by this memo is 1.

   Padding Bit, P:  If necessary the authentication data is padded to be
      a multiple of 32 bits and the padding bit is set.  In this case
      the last byte of the authentication data contains the number of
      padding bytes (including the last byte) that must be discarded.

   Authentication Type, Auth: The authentication type is a  4 bit
      encoded field that denotes the authentication infrastructure the
      sender expects the recipients to use to check the authenticity and
      integrity of the information.  This defines the format of the
      authentication subheader and can take the values:  0 = PGP format,
      1 = CMS format.  All other values are undefined and SHOULD be
      ignored.

   If a SAP packet is to be compressed or encrypted, this MUST be done
   before the authentication is added.

   The digital signature in the authentication data MUST be calculated
   over the entire packet, including the header.  The authentication
   length MUST be set to zero and the authentication data excluded when
   calculating the digital signature.

   It is to be expected that sessions may be announced by a number of
   different mechanisms, not only SAP.  For example, a session
   description may placed on a web page, sent by email or conveyed in a
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 12
   session initiation protocol.  To ease interoperability with these
   other mechanisms, application level security is employed, rather than
   using IPsec authentication headers.

8.1 PGP Authentication

A full description of the PGP protocol can be found in [2]. When using PGP for SAP authentication the basic format specific authentication subheader comprises a digital signature packet as described in [2]. The signature type MUST be 0x01 which means the signature is that of a canonical text document.

8.2 CMS Authentication

A full description of the Cryptographic Message Syntax can be found in [6]. The format specific authentication subheader will, in the CMS case, have an ASN.1 ContentInfo type with the ContentType being signedData. Use is made of the option available in PKCS#7 to leave the content itself blank as the content which is signed is already present in the packet. Inclusion of it within the SignedData type would duplicate this data and increase the packet length unnecessarily. In addition this allows recipients with either no interest in the authentication, or with no mechanism for checking it, to more easily skip the authentication information. There SHOULD be only one signerInfo and related fields corresponding to the originator of the SAP announcement. The signingTime SHOULD be present as a signedAttribute. However, due to the strict size limitations on the size of SAP packets, certificates and CRLs SHOULD NOT be included in the signedData structure. It is expected that users of the protocol will have other methods for certificate and CRL distribution.

9 Scalability and caching

SAP is intended to announce the existence of long-lived wide-area multicast sessions. It is not an especially timely protocol: sessions are announced by periodic multicast with a repeat rate on the order of tens of minutes, and no enhanced reliability over UDP. This leads to a long startup delay before a complete set of announcements is heard by a listener. This delay is clearly undesirable for interactive browsing of announced sessions. In order to reduce the delays inherent in SAP, it is recommended that proxy caches are deployed. A SAP proxy cache is expected to listen to all SAP groups in its scope, and to maintain an up-to-date list of
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 13
   all announced sessions along with the time each announcement was last
   received.  When a new SAP listeners starts, it should contact its
   local proxy to download this information, which is then sufficient
   for it to process future announcements directly, as if it has been
   continually listening.

   The protocol by which a SAP listener contacts its local proxy cache
   is not specified here.

10 Security Considerations

SAP contains mechanisms for ensuring integrity of session announcements, for authenticating the origin of an announcement and for encrypting such announcements (sections 7 and 8). As stated in section 5, if a session modification announcement is received that contains a valid authentication header, but which is not signed by the original creator of the session, then the session must be treated as a new session in addition to the original session with the same SDP origin information unless the originator of one of the session descriptions can be authenticated using a certificate signed by a trusted third party. If this were not done, there would be a possible denial of service attack whereby a party listens for new announcements, strips off the original authentication header, modifies the session description, adds a new authentication header and re-announces the session. If a rule was imposed that such spoof announcements were ignored, then if packet loss or late starting of a session directory instance caused the original announcement to fail to arrive at a site, but the spoof announcement did so, this would then prevent the original announcement from being accepted at that site. A similar denial-of-service attack is possible if a session announcement receiver relies completely on the originating source and hash fields to indicate change, and fails to parse the remainder of announcements for which it has seen the origin/hash combination before. A denial of service attack is possible from a malicious site close to a legitimate site which is making a session announcement. This can happen if the malicious site floods the legitimate site with huge numbers of (illegal) low TTL announcements describing high TTL sessions. This may reduce the session announcement rate of the legitimate announcement to below a tenth of the rate expected at remote sites and therefore cause the session to time out. Such an attack is likely to be easily detectable, and we do not provide any mechanism here to prevent it.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 14

A. Summary of differences between SAPv0 and SAPv1

For this purpose SAPv0 is defined as the protocol in use by version 2.2 of the session directory tool, sdr. SAPv1 is the protocol described in the 19 November 1996 version of this memo. The packet headers of SAP messages are the same in V0 and V1 in that a V1 tool can parse a V0 announcement header but not vice-versa. In SAPv0, the fields have the following values: o Version Number: 0 o Message Type: 0 (Announcement) o Authentication Type: 0 (No Authentication) o Encryption Bit: 0 (No Encryption) o Compression Bit: 0 (No compression) o Message Id Hash: 0 (No Hash Specified) o Originating Source: 0 (No source specified, announcement has not been relayed)

B. Summary of differences between SAPv1 and SAPv2

The packet headers of SAP messages are the same in V1 and V2 in that a V2 tool can parse a V1 announcement header but not necessarily vice-versa. o The A bit has been added to the SAP header, replacing one of the bits of the SAPv1 message type field. If set to zero the announcement is of an IPv4 session, and the packet is backwards compatible with SAPv1. If set to one the announcement is of an IPv6 session, and SAPv1 listeners (which do not support IPv6) will see this as an illegal message type (MT) field. o The second bit of the message type field in SAPv1 has been replaced by a reserved, must-be-zero, bit. This bit was unused in SAPv1, so this change just codifies existing usage. o SAPv1 specified encryption of the payload. SAPv2 includes the E bit in the SAP header to indicate that the payload is encrypted, but does not specify any details of the encryption. o SAPv1 allowed the message identifier hash and originating source fields to be set to zero, for backwards compatibility. This is no longer legal.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 15
    o SAPv1 specified gzip compression.  SAPv2 uses zlib (the only known
      implementation of SAP compression used zlib, and gzip compression
      was a mistake).

    o SAPv2 provides a more complete specification for authentication.

    o SAPv2 allows for non-SDP payloads to be transported.  SAPv1
      required that the payload was SDP.

    o SAPv1 included a timeout field for encrypted announcement, SAPv2
      does not (and relies of explicit deletion messages or implicit
      timeouts).

C. Acknowledgements

SAP and SDP were originally based on the protocol used by the sd session directory from Van Jacobson at LBNL. Version 1 of SAP was designed by Mark Handley as part of the European Commission MICE (Esprit 7602) and MERCI (Telematics 1007) projects. Version 2 includes authentication features developed by Edmund Whelan, Goli Montasser-Kohsari and Peter Kirstein as part of the European Commission ICE-TEL project (Telematics 1005), and support for IPv6 developed by Maryann P. Maher and Colin Perkins.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 16

D. Authors' Addresses

Mark Handley AT&T Center for Internet Research at ICSI, International Computer Science Institute, 1947 Center Street, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA EMail: mjh@aciri.org Colin Perkins USC Information Sciences Institute 4350 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 620 Arlington, VA 22203, USA EMail: csp@isi.edu Edmund Whelan Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK EMail: e.whelan@cs.ucl.ac.uk
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 17

References

[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to indicate requirement levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Callas, J., Donnerhacke, L., Finney, H. and R. Thayer. "OpenPGP message format", RFC 2440, November 1998. [3] Deutsch, P. and J.-L. Gailly, "Zlib compressed data format specification version 3.3", RFC 1950, May 1996. [4] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998. [5] Handley, M., Thaler, D. and R. Kermode, "Multicast-scope zone announcement protocol (MZAP)", RFC 2776, February 2000. [6] Housley, R., "Cryptographic message syntax", RFC 2630, June 1999. [7] Mayer, D., "Administratively scoped IP multicast", RFC 2365, July 1998.
ToP   noToC   RFC2974 - Page 18
Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.