RFC 7417
Extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP for IPv4 and IPv6 Reservations over Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Domains
Pages: 36
Experimental
Experimental
Part 1 of 2 – Pages 1 to 17
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) G. Karagiannis Request for Comments: 7417 Huawei Technologies Category: Experimental A. Bhargava ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems, Inc. December 2014 Extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP for IPv4 and IPv6 Reservations over Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) DomainsAbstract
This document specifies extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP (RFC 4860) for support of the Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) Controlled Load (CL) and Single Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using PCN. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for examination, experimental implementation, and evaluation. This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7417.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................4 1.1. Objective ..................................................4 1.2. Overview and Motivation ....................................5 1.3. Requirements Language and Terminology ......................8 1.4. Organization of This Document .............................12 2. Overview of RSVP Extensions and Operations .....................12 2.1. Overview of RSVP Aggregation Procedures in PCN-Domains ....12 2.2. PCN-Marking, Encoding, and Transport of Pre-congestion Information ................................14 2.3. Traffic Classification within the Aggregation Region ......14 2.4. Deaggregator (PCN-Egress-Node) Determination ..............15 2.5. Mapping E2E Reservations onto Aggregate Reservations ......15 2.6. Size of Aggregate Reservations ............................16 2.7. E2E Path ADSPEC Update ....................................16 2.8. Intra-domain Routes .......................................16 2.9. Inter-domain Routes .......................................16 2.10. Reservations for Multicast Sessions ......................16 2.11. Multi-level Aggregation ..................................16 2.12. Reliability Issues .......................................17 3. Elements of Procedures .........................................17 3.1. Receipt of E2E Path Message by PCN-Ingress-Node (Aggregating Router) ......................................17 3.2. Handling of E2E Path Message by Interior Routers ..........17 3.3. Receipt of E2E Path Message by PCN-Egress-Node (Deaggregating Router) ....................................18 3.4. Initiation of New Aggregate Path Message by PCN-Ingress-Node (Aggregating Router) .....................18 3.5. Handling of Aggregate Path Message by Interior Routers ....18 3.6. Handling of Aggregate Path Message by Deaggregating Router ......................................18 3.7. Handling of E2E Resv Message by Deaggregating Router ......19 3.8. Handling of E2E Resv Message by Interior Routers ..........19 3.9. Initiation of New Aggregate Resv Message by Deaggregating Router ......................................20 3.10. Handling of Aggregate Resv Message by Interior Routers ...20 3.11. Handling of E2E Resv Message by Aggregating Router .......21 3.12. Handling of Aggregate Resv Message by Aggregating Router .......................................21 3.13. Removal of E2E Reservation ...............................21 3.14. Removal of Aggregate Reservation .........................22 3.15. Handling of Data on Reserved E2E Flow by Aggregating Router .......................................22 3.16. Procedures for Multicast Sessions ........................22 3.17. Misconfiguration of PCN-Node .............................22 3.18. PCN-Based Flow Termination ...............................22
4. Protocol Elements ..............................................23 4.1. PCN Objects ...............................................24 5. Security Considerations ........................................28 6. IANA Considerations ............................................29 7. References .....................................................29 7.1. Normative References ......................................29 7.2. Informative References ....................................30 Appendix A. Example Signaling Flow ................................33 Acknowledgments ...................................................35 Authors' Addresses ................................................361. Introduction
1.1. Objective
Pre-Congestion Notification (PCN) can support the Quality of Service (QoS) of inelastic flows within a Diffserv domain in a simple, scalable, and robust fashion. Two mechanisms are used: admission control and flow termination. Admission control is used to decide whether to admit or block a new flow request, while flow termination is used in abnormal circumstances to decide whether to terminate some of the existing flows. To support these two features, the overall rate of PCN-traffic is metered on every link in the domain, and PCN-packets are appropriately marked when certain configured rates are exceeded. These configured rates are below the rate of the link, thus providing notification to boundary nodes about overloads before any congestion occurs (hence "pre-congestion" notification). The PCN-egress-nodes measure the rates of differently marked PCN-traffic in periodic intervals and report these rates to the Decision Points for admission control and flow termination; the Decision Points use these rates to make decisions. The Decision Points may be collocated with the PCN-ingress-nodes, or their function may be implemented in another node. For more details, see [RFC5559], [RFC6661], and [RFC6662]. The main objective of this document is to specify the signaling protocol that can be used within a PCN-domain to carry reports from a PCN-ingress-node to a PCN Decision Point, considering that the PCN Decision Point and PCN-egress-node are collocated. If the PCN Decision Point is not collocated with the PCN-egress-node, then additional signaling procedures are required that are out of scope for this document. Moreover, as mentioned above, this architecture conforms with Policy-Based Admission Control (PBAC), where the Decision Point is located in a node other than the PCN-ingress-node [RFC2753].
Several signaling protocols can be used to carry information between PCN-boundary-nodes (PCN-ingress-node and PCN-egress-node). However, since (1) both the PCN-egress-node and PCN-ingress-node are located on the data path and (2) the admission control procedure needs to be done at the PCN-egress-node, a signaling protocol that follows the same path as the data path, like RSVP, is more suited for this purpose. In particular, this document specifies extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP [RFC4860] for support of the PCN Controlled Load (CL) and Single Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using Pre-Congestion Notification. This document is published as an Experimental document in order to: o validate industry interest by allowing implementation and deployment o gather operational experience, particularly related to dynamic interactions of RSVP signaling and PCN, and corresponding levels of performance Support for the techniques specified in this document involves RSVP functionality in boundary nodes of a PCN-domain whose interior nodes forward RSVP traffic without performing RSVP functionality.1.2. Overview and Motivation
Two main QoS architectures have been specified by the IETF: the Integrated Services (Intserv) [RFC1633] architecture and the Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architecture ([RFC2475]). Intserv provides methods for the delivery of end-to-end QoS to applications over heterogeneous networks. One of the QoS signaling protocols used by the Intserv architecture is RSVP [RFC2205], which can be used by applications to request per-flow resources from the network. These RSVP requests can be admitted or rejected by the network. Applications can express their quantifiable resource requirements using Intserv parameters as defined in [RFC2211] and [RFC2212]. The Controlled Load (CL) service [RFC2211] is a form of QoS that closely approximates the QoS that the same flow would receive from a lightly loaded network element. The CL service is useful for inelastic flows such as those used for real-time media. The Diffserv architecture can support the differentiated treatment of packets in very large-scale environments. While Intserv and RSVP classify packets per flow, Diffserv networks classify packets into one of a small number of aggregated flows or "classes", based on the Diffserv Codepoint (DSCP) in the packet IP header. At each Diffserv router, packets are subjected to a "Per Hop Behavior" (PHB), which is
invoked by the DSCP. The primary benefit of Diffserv is its scalability, since the need for per-flow state and per-flow processing is eliminated. However, Diffserv does not include any mechanism for communication between applications and the network. Several solutions have been specified to solve this issue. One of these solutions is Intserv over Diffserv [RFC2998], including Resource-Based Admission Control (RBAC), PBAC, assistance in traffic identification/classification, and traffic conditioning. Intserv over Diffserv can operate over a statically provisioned or an RSVP-aware Diffserv region. When it is RSVP aware, several mechanisms may be used to support dynamic provisioning and topology-aware admission control, including aggregate RSVP reservations, per-flow RSVP, or a bandwidth broker. [RFC3175] specifies aggregation of RSVP end-to-end reservations over aggregate RSVP reservations. In [RFC3175], the RSVP generic aggregate reservation is characterized by an RSVP SESSION object using the 3-tuple <source IP address, destination IP address, Diffserv Codepoint>. Several scenarios require the use of multiple generic aggregate reservations that are established for a given PHB from a given source IP address to a given destination IP address; see [RFC4923] and [RFC4860]. For example, multiple generic aggregate reservations can be applied in situations where multiple end-to-end (E2E) reservations using different preemption priorities need to be aggregated through a PCN-domain using the same PHB. Using multiple aggregate reservations for the same PHB allows o enforcement of the different preemption priorities within the aggregation region o more efficient management of Diffserv resources o sustainment of a larger number of E2E reservations with higher preemption priorities during periods of resource shortage In particular, [RFC4923] discusses in detail how end-to-end RSVP reservations can be established in a nested VPN environment through RSVP aggregation. [RFC4860] provides generic aggregate reservations by extending [RFC3175] to support multiple aggregate reservations for the same source IP address, destination IP address, and PHB (or set of PHBs). In particular, multiple such generic aggregate reservations can be established for a given PHB from a given source IP address to a given destination IP address. This is achieved by adding the concept of a Virtual Destination Port and an Extended Virtual Destination Port in
the RSVP SESSION object. In addition to this, the RSVP SESSION object for generic aggregate reservations uses the PHB Identification Code (PHB-ID) defined in [RFC3140] instead of using the Diffserv Codepoint (DSCP) used in [RFC3175]. The PHB-ID is used to identify the PHB, or set of PHBs, from which the Diffserv resources are to be reserved. The RSVP-like signaling protocol required to carry (1) requests from a PCN-egress-node to a PCN-ingress-node and (2) reports from a PCN-ingress-node to a PCN-egress-node needs to follow the PCN signaling requirements defined in [RFC6663]. In addition to that, the signaling protocol functionality supported by the PCN-ingress- nodes and PCN-egress-nodes needs to maintain logical aggregate constructs (i.e., ingress-egress-aggregate state) and be able to map E2E reservations to these aggregate constructs. Moreover, no actual reservation state is needed to be maintained inside the PCN-domain, i.e., the PCN-interior-nodes are not maintaining any reservation state. This can be accomplished by two possible approaches: Approach (1): o adapting the aggregation procedures of RFC 4860 to fit the PCN requirements with as little change as possible over the functionality provided in RFC 4860. o hence, performing aggregate RSVP signaling (even if it is to be ignored by PCN-interior-nodes). o using the aggregate RSVP signaling procedures to carry PCN information between the PCN-boundary-nodes (PCN-ingress-node and PCN-egress-node). Approach (2): o adapting the aggregation procedures of RFC 4860 to fit the PCN requirements with significant changes over RFC 4860 (i.e., the aspect of the procedures that have to do with maintaining aggregate states and mapping the E2E reservations to aggregate constructs are kept, but the procedures that are specific to aggregate RSVP signaling and aggregate reservation establishment/maintenance are dropped). o hence not performing aggregate RSVP signaling. o piggybacking the PCN information inside the E2E RSVP signaling.
Both approaches are probably viable; however, since the operations of RFC 4860 have been thoroughly studied and implemented, it can be considered that the solution from RFC 4860 can better deal with the more challenging situations (rerouting in the PCN-domain, failure of a PCN-ingress-node, failure of a PCN-egress-node, rerouting towards a different edge, etc.). This is the reason for choosing Approach (1) for the specification of the signaling protocol used to carry PCN information between the PCN-boundary-nodes (PCN-ingress-node and PCN-egress-node). As noted earlier, this document specifies extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP [RFC4860] for support of the PCN Controlled Load (CL) and Single Marking (SM) edge behaviors over a Diffserv cloud using Pre-Congestion Notification. This document follows the PCN signaling requirements defined in [RFC6663] and specifies extensions to Generic Aggregate RSVP [RFC4860] for support of PCN edge behaviors as specified in [RFC6661] and [RFC6662]. Moreover, this document specifies how RSVP aggregation can be used to set up and maintain (1) Ingress-Egress- Aggregate (IEA) states at Ingress and Egress nodes and (2) generic aggregation of end-to-end RSVP reservations over PCN (Congestion and Pre-Congestion Notification) domains. To comply with this specification, PCN-nodes MUST be able to support the functionality specified in [RFC5670], [RFC5559], [RFC6660], [RFC6661], and [RFC6662]. Furthermore, the PCN-boundary-nodes MUST support the RSVP generic aggregate reservation procedures specified in [RFC4860], which are augmented with procedures specified in this document.1.3. Requirements Language and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. This document uses terms defined in [RFC4860], [RFC3175], [RFC5559], [RFC5670], [RFC6661], and [RFC6662]. For readability, a number of definitions from [RFC3175] as well as definitions for terms used in [RFC5559], [RFC6661], and [RFC6662] are provided here, where some of them are augmented with new meanings: Aggregator The process in (or associated with) the router at the ingress edge of the aggregation region (with respect to the end-to-end RSVP reservation) and behaving in accordance with [RFC4860]. In this
document, it is also the PCN-ingress-node. It is important to
notice that in the context of this document the Aggregator must be
able to determine the Deaggregator using the procedures specified
in Section 4 of [RFC4860] and Section 1.4.2 of [RFC3175].
Congestion Level Estimate (CLE)
The ratio of PCN-marked to total PCN-traffic (measured in octets)
received for a given ingress-egress-aggregate during a given
measurement period. The CLE is used to derive the PCN-admission-
state and is also used by the report suppression procedure if
report suppression is activated.
Deaggregator
The process in (or associated with) the router at the egress edge
of the aggregation region (with respect to the end-to-end RSVP
reservation) and behaving in accordance with [RFC4860]. In this
document, it is also the PCN-egress-node and Decision Point.
E2E
End to end
E2E Microflow
A microflow where its associated packets are being forwarded on an
E2E path.
E2E Reservation
An RSVP reservation such that:
(1) corresponding RSVP Path messages are initiated upstream of the
Aggregator and terminated downstream of the Deaggregator, and
(2) corresponding RSVP Resv messages are initiated downstream of
the Deaggregator and terminated upstream of the Aggregator,
and
(3) this RSVP reservation is aggregated over an Ingress-Egress-
Aggregate (IEA) between the Aggregator and Deaggregator.
An E2E RSVP reservation may be a per-flow reservation, which in
this document is only maintained at the PCN-ingress-node and
PCN-egress-node. Alternatively, the E2E reservation may itself be
an aggregate reservation of various types (e.g., Aggregate IP
reservation, Aggregate IPsec reservation [RFC4860]). As per
regular RSVP operations, E2E RSVP reservations are unidirectional.
ETM-Rate
The rate of excess-traffic-marked (ETM) PCN-traffic received at a
PCN-egress-node for a given ingress-egress-aggregate in octets
per second.
Extended vDstPort (Extended Virtual Destination Port)
An identifier used in the SESSION that remains constant over the
life of the generic aggregate reservation. The length of this
identifier is 32 bits when IPv4 addresses are used and 128 bits
when IPv6 addresses are used.
A sender (or Aggregator) that wishes to narrow the scope of a
SESSION to the sender-receiver pair (or Aggregator-Deaggregator
pair) should place its IPv4 or IPv6 address here as a network
unique identifier. A sender (or Aggregator) that wishes to use a
common session with other senders (or Aggregators) in order to use
a shared reservation across senders (or Aggregators) must set this
field to all zeros. In this document, the Extended vDstPort
should contain the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the Aggregator.
Ingress-Egress-Aggregate (IEA)
The collection of PCN-packets from all PCN-flows that travel in
one direction between a specific pair of PCN-boundary-nodes. In
this document, one RSVP generic aggregate reservation is mapped to
only one ingress-egress-aggregate, while one ingress-egress-
aggregate is mapped to one or more RSVP generic aggregate
reservations. PCN-flows and their PCN-traffic that are mapped
into a specific RSVP generic aggregate reservation can also be
easily mapped into their corresponding ingress-egress-aggregate.
Microflow (from [RFC2474])
A single instance of an application-to-application flow of
packets, which is identified by <source address, destination
address, protocol id> and (where applicable) <source port,
destination port>.
PCN-Admission-State
The state ("admit" or "block") derived by the Decision Point for a
given ingress-egress-aggregate based on statistics about
PCN-packet marking. The Decision Point decides to admit or block
new flows offered to the aggregate based on the current value of
the PCN-admission-state.
PCN-Boundary-Node
A PCN-node that connects one PCN-domain to a node in either
another PCN-domain or a non-PCN-domain.
PCN-Domain
A PCN-capable domain; a contiguous set of PCN-enabled nodes that
perform Diffserv scheduling [RFC2474]; the complete set of
PCN-nodes that in principle can, through PCN-marking packets,
influence decisions about flow admission and termination within
the domain; includes the PCN-egress-nodes, which measure these
PCN-marks, and the PCN-ingress-nodes.
PCN-Egress-Node
A PCN-boundary-node in its role in handling traffic as it leaves a
PCN-domain. In this document, the PCN-egress-node also operates
as a Decision Point and Deaggregator.
PCN-Flow
The unit of PCN-traffic that the PCN-boundary-node admits (or
terminates); the unit could be a single E2E microflow (as defined
in [RFC2474]) or some identifiable collection of microflows.
PCN-Ingress-Node
A PCN-boundary-node in its role in handling traffic as it enters a
PCN-domain. In this document, the PCN-ingress-node also operates
as an Aggregator.
PCN-Interior-Node
A node in a PCN-domain that is not a PCN-boundary-node.
PCN-Node
A PCN-boundary-node or a PCN-interior-node.
PCN-Sent-Rate
The rate of PCN-traffic received at a PCN-ingress-node and
destined for a given ingress-egress-aggregate in octets per
second.
PCN-Traffic, PCN-Packets, PCN-BA
A PCN-domain carries traffic of different Diffserv Behavior
Aggregates (BAs) [RFC2474]. The PCN-BA uses the PCN mechanisms to
carry PCN-traffic, and the corresponding packets are PCN-packets.
The same network will carry traffic of other Diffserv BAs. The
PCN-BA is distinguished by a combination of the Diffserv Codepoint
(DSCP) and Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) fields.
PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code)
A 16-bit field containing the Per Hop Behavior Identification Code
of the PHB, or of the set of PHBs, from which Diffserv resources
are to be reserved. This field must be encoded as specified in
Section 2 of [RFC3140].
RSVP Generic Aggregate Reservation
An RSVP reservation that is identified by using the RSVP SESSION
object for generic RSVP aggregate reservation. This RSVP SESSION
object is based on the RSVP SESSION object specified in [RFC4860],
augmented with the following information:
o The IPv4 DestAddress, IPv6 DestAddress should be set to the
IPv4 or IPv6 destination addresses, respectively, of the
Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node).
o The PHB-ID should be set equal to PCN-compatible Diffserv
Codepoint(s).
o The Extended vDstPort should be set to the IPv4 or IPv6
destination addresses, of the Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node).
VDstPort (Virtual Destination Port)
A 16-bit identifier used in the SESSION that remains constant over
the life of the generic aggregate reservation.
1.4. Organization of This Document
This document is organized as follows. Section 2 gives an overview
of RSVP extensions and operations. The elements of the procedures
that are used in this document are specified in Section 3. Section 4
describes the protocol elements. The security considerations are
given in Section 5, and the IANA considerations are provided in
Section 6.
2. Overview of RSVP Extensions and Operations
2.1. Overview of RSVP Aggregation Procedures in PCN-Domains
The PCN-boundary-nodes (see Figure 1) can support RSVP SESSIONS for
generic aggregate reservations [RFC4860], which depend on ingress-
egress-aggregates. In particular, one RSVP generic aggregate
reservation matches to only one ingress-egress-aggregate.
However, one ingress-egress-aggregate matches to one or more RSVP
generic aggregate reservations. In addition, to comply with this
specification, the PCN-boundary-nodes need to distinguish and process
(1) RSVP SESSIONS for generic aggregate sessions and their messages
according to [RFC4860] and (2) E2E RSVP SESSIONS and messages
according to [RFC2205].
This document locates all RSVP processing for a PCN-domain at
PCN-boundary-nodes. PCN-interior-nodes do not perform any RSVP
functionality or maintain RSVP-related state information. Rather,
PCN-interior-nodes forward all RSVP messages (for both generic aggregate reservations [RFC4860] and E2E reservations [RFC2205]) as if they were ordinary network traffic. Moreover, each Aggregator and Deaggregator (i.e., PCN-boundary-nodes) needs to support policies to initiate and maintain, for each pair of PCN-boundary-nodes of the same PCN-domain, one ingress-egress- aggregate. -------------------------- / PCN-domain \ |----| | | |----| H--| R |\ |-----| |------| /| R |-->H H--| |\\| | |---| |---| | |//| |-->H |----| \| | | I | | I | | |/ |----| | Agg |======================>| Deag | /| | | | | | | |\ H--------//| | |---| |---| | |\\-------->H H--------/ |-----| |------| \-------->H | | \ / -------------------------- H = Host requesting end-to-end RSVP reservations R = RSVP router Agg = Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) Deag = Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node) I = Interior Router (PCN-interior-node) --> = E2E RSVP reservation ==> = Aggregate RSVP reservation Figure 1: Aggregation of E2E Reservations over Generic Aggregate RSVP Reservations in PCN-Domains, Based on [RFC4860] Both the Aggregator and Deaggregator can maintain one or more RSVP generic aggregate reservations, but the Deaggregator is the entity that initiates these RSVP generic aggregate reservations. Note that one RSVP generic aggregate reservation matches to only one ingress- egress-aggregate, while one ingress-egress-aggregate matches to one or more RSVP generic aggregate reservations. This can be accomplished by using for the different RSVP generic aggregate reservations the same combinations of ingress and egress identifiers, but with a different PHB-ID value (see [RFC4860]). The procedures for aggregation of E2E reservations over generic aggregate RSVP reservations are the same as the procedures specified in Section 4 of [RFC4860], augmented with the ones specified in Section 2.5.
One significant difference between this document and [RFC4860] is the fact that in this document the admission control of E2E RSVP reservations over the PCN-core is performed according to the PCN procedures, while in [RFC4860] this is achieved via first admitting aggregate RSVP reservations over the aggregation region and then admitting the E2E reservations over the aggregate RSVP reservations. Therefore, in this document, the RSVP generic aggregate RSVP reservations are not subject to admission control in the PCN-core, and the E2E RSVP reservations are not subject to admission control over the aggregate reservations. In turn, this means that several procedures described in [RFC4860] are significantly simplified in this document: o Unlike [RFC4860], the generic aggregate RSVP reservations need not be admitted in the PCN-core. o Unlike [RFC4860], the RSVP aggregated traffic does not need to be tunneled between Aggregator and Deaggregator; see Section 2.3. o Unlike [RFC4860], the Deaggregator need not perform admission control of E2E reservations over the aggregate RSVP reservations. o Unlike [RFC4860], there is no need for dynamic adjustment of the RSVP generic aggregate reservation size; see Section 2.6.2.2. PCN-Marking, Encoding, and Transport of Pre-congestion Information
The method of PCN-marking within the PCN-domain is specified in [RFC5670]. In addition, the method of encoding and transport of pre-congestion information is specified in [RFC6660]. The PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code) used SHOULD be set equal to PCN-compatible Diffserv Codepoint(s).2.3. Traffic Classification within the Aggregation Region
The PCN-ingress marks a PCN-BA using PCN-marking (i.e., a combination of the DSCP and ECN fields), which interior nodes use to classify PCN-traffic. The PCN-traffic (e.g., E2E microflows) belonging to an RSVP generic aggregate reservation can be classified only at the PCN-boundary-nodes (i.e., Aggregator and Deaggregator) by using the RSVP SESSION object for RSVP generic aggregate reservations; see Section 2.1 of [RFC4860]. Note that the DSCP value included in the SESSION object SHOULD be set equal to a PCN-compatible Diffserv Codepoint. Since no admission control procedures over the RSVP generic aggregate reservations in the PCN-core are required, unlike [RFC4860], the RSVP aggregated traffic need not be tunneled between Aggregator and Deaggregator. In this document, one RSVP generic aggregate reservation is mapped to only one ingress-egress-aggregate,
while one ingress-egress-aggregate is mapped to one or more RSVP generic aggregate reservations. PCN-flows and their PCN-traffic that are mapped into a specific RSVP generic aggregate reservation can also easily be classified into their corresponding ingress-egress- aggregate. The method of traffic conditioning of PCN-traffic and non-PCN-traffic, as well as the method of PHB configuration, are described in [RFC6661] and [RFC6662].2.4. Deaggregator (PCN-Egress-Node) Determination
This document assumes the same dynamic Deaggregator determination method as that used in [RFC4860].2.5. Mapping E2E Reservations onto Aggregate Reservations
To comply with this specification, for the mapping of E2E reservations onto aggregate reservations, the same methods MUST be used as the ones described in Section 4 of [RFC4860], augmented by the following rules: o An Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node) or Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node and Decision Point) MUST use one or more policies to determine whether an RSVP generic aggregate reservation can be mapped into an ingress-egress-aggregate. This can be accomplished by using for the different RSVP generic aggregate reservations the same combinations of ingress and egress identifiers, but with a different PHB-ID value (see [RFC4860]) corresponding to the PCN specifications -- in particular, the RSVP SESSION object specified in [RFC4860], augmented with the following information: o The IPv4 DestAddress, IPv6 DestAddress MUST be set to the IPv4 or IPv6 destination addresses, respectively, of the Deaggregator (PCN-egress-node); see [RFC4860]. Note that the PCN-domain is considered as being only one RSVP hop (for generic aggregate RSVP or E2E RSVP). This means that the next RSVP hop for the Aggregator in the downstream direction is the Deaggregator and the next RSVP hop for the Deaggregator in the upstream direction is the Aggregator. o The PHB-ID (Per Hop Behavior Identification Code) SHOULD be set equal to PCN-compatible Diffserv Codepoint(s). o The Extended vDstPort SHOULD be set to the IPv4 or IPv6 destination addresses of the Aggregator (PCN-ingress-node); see [RFC4860].
2.6. Size of Aggregate Reservations
Since (1) no admission control of E2E reservations over the RSVP aggregate reservations is required and (2) no admission control of the RSVP aggregate reservation over the PCN-core is required, the size of the generic aggregate reservation is irrelevant and can be set to any arbitrary value by the Deaggregator. The Deaggregator SHOULD set the value of a generic aggregate reservation to a null bandwidth. We also observe that there is no need for dynamic adjustment of the RSVP aggregate reservation size.2.7. E2E Path ADSPEC Update
To comply with this specification, for the update of the E2E Path ADSPEC, the same methods can be used as the ones described in [RFC4860].2.8. Intra-domain Routes
The PCN-interior-nodes maintain neither E2E RSVP nor RSVP generic aggregation states and reservations. Therefore, intra-domain route changes will not affect intra-domain reservations, since such reservations are not maintained by the PCN-interior-nodes. Furthermore, it is considered that by configuration the PCN-interior- nodes can distinguish neither RSVP generic aggregate sessions and their associated messages [RFC4860] nor E2E RSVP SESSIONS and their associated messages [RFC2205].2.9. Inter-domain Routes
The PCN-charter scope precludes inter-domain considerations. However, for solving inter-domain route changes associated with the operation of the RSVP messages, the same methods SHOULD be used as the ones described in [RFC4860] and in Section 1.4.7 of [RFC3175].2.10. Reservations for Multicast Sessions
PCN does not consider reservations for multicast sessions.2.11. Multi-level Aggregation
PCN does not consider multi-level aggregations within the PCN-domain. Therefore, the PCN-interior-nodes do not support multi-level aggregation procedures. However, the Aggregator and Deaggregator SHOULD support the multi-level aggregation procedures specified in [RFC4860] and in Section 1.4.9 of [RFC3175].
2.12. Reliability Issues
To comply with this specification, for solving possible reliability issues, the same methods MUST be used as the ones described in Section 4 of [RFC4860].
(page 17 continued on part 2)