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Content for  TR 38.808  Word version:  17.0.0

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1  Scopep. 8

In order to support wide range of services, 5G NR system aims to be flexible enough to meet the connectivity requirements of a range of existing and future (yet unknown) services to be deployable in an efficient manner. NR considers supporting potential use of frequency range up to 100 GHz [1].
NR specifications that have been developed in Rel-15 and Rel-16 define operation for frequencies up to 52.6 GHz, where all physical layer channels, signals, procedures, and protocols are designed to be optimized for uses under 52.6 GHz.
However, frequencies above 52.6 GHz are faced with more difficult challenges, such as higher phase noise, larger propagation loss due to high atmospheric absorption, lower power amplifier efficiency, and strong power spectral density regulatory requirements in unlicensed bands, compared to lower frequency bands. Additionally, the frequency ranges above 52.6 GHz potentially contain larger spectrum allocations and larger bandwidths that are not available for bands lower than 52.6 GHz.
As an initial effort to enable and optimize 3GPP NR system for operation in above 52.6 GHz, 3GPP RAN has studied requirements for NR beyond 52.6GHz up to 114.25GHz including global spectrum availability and regulatory requirements (including channelization and licensing regimes), potential use cases and deployment scenarios, and NR system design requirements and considerations on top of regulatory requirements [2]. The potential use cases identified in the study include high data rate eMBB, mobile data offloading, short range high-data rate D2D communications, broadband distribution networks, integrated access backhaul (IAB), factory automation, industrial IoT (IIoT), wireless display transfer, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) wearables, intelligent transport systems (ITS) and V2X, data center inter-rack connectivity, smart grid automation, private networks, and support of high positioning accuracy. The use cases span over several deployment scenarios identified in the study. The deployment scenarios include, but not limited to, indoor hotspot, dense urban, urban micro, urban macro, rural, factor hall, and indoor D2D scenarios. The study also identified several system design requirements around waveform, MIMO operation, device power consumption, channelization, bandwidth, range, availability, connectivity, spectrum regime considerations, and others.
Among the frequencies of interest, frequencies between 52.6 GHz and 71 GHz are especially interesting relatively in the short term because of their proximity to sub-52.6 GHz for which the current NR system is optimized and the imminent commercial opportunities for high data rate communications, e.g., unlicensed spectrum but also licensed spectrum between 57 GHz and 71 GHz. Therefore, it would be beneficial to make a study focused on feasibility of using existing waveforms and required changes for frequencies between 52.6 GHz and 71 GHz, so as to take advantage of imminent commercial opportunities for the specific frequency regime by minimizing the specification burden and maximizing the leverage of FR2 based implementations.
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2  Referencesp. 8

The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
  • References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific.
  • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
  • For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
[1]
TR 38.913: "Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies"
[2]
TR 38.807: "Study on requirements for NR beyond 52.6 GHz".
[3]
TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[4]
ETSI EN 302 567 v2.1.20: "Multiple-Gigabit/s radio equipment operating in the 60 GHz band; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[5]
R1-2007549 "Further discussion on B52 numerology" FUTUREWEI.
[6]
R1-2007558 "Discussion on physical layer impacts for NR beyond 52.6 GHz" Lenovo, Motorola Mobility.
[7]
R1-2007604 "PHY design in 52.6-71 GHz using NR waveform" Huawei, HiSilicon.
[8]
R1-2007642 "Physical layer design for NR 52.6-71GHz" Beijing Xiaomi Software Tech.
[9]
R1-2007652 "Discussion on required changes to NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform" vivo.
[10]
R1-2007785 "Consideration on required changes to NR using existing NR waveform" Fujitsu.
[11]
R1-2007790 "Consideration on supporting above 52.6GHz in NR" InterDigital, Inc.
[12]
R1-2007847 "System Analysis of NR opration in 52.6 to 71 GHz" CATT.
[13]
R1-2007883 "Required changes to NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform" TCL Communication Ltd.
[14]
R1-2007926 "Required changes to NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform" Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell.
[15]
R1-2007929 "On phase noise compensation for NR from 52.6GHz to 71GHz" Mitsubishi Electric RCE.
[16]
R1-2009379 "Discussion on Required Changes to NR in 52.6 - 71 GHz" Intel Corporation.
[17]
R1-2007965 "On the required changes to NR for above 52.6GHz" ZTE, Sanechips.
[18]
R1-2007982 "On NR operations in 52.6 to 71 GHz" Ericsson.
[19]
R1-2009653 "Consideration on required physical layer changes to support NR above 52.6 GH" LG Electronics.
[20]
R1-2008076 "Discussion on required changes to NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform in 52.6GHz ~ 71GHz" CMCC.
[21]
R1-2008082 "Study on the numerology to support 52.6 GHz to 71GHz" NEC.
[22]
R1-2008872 "Design aspects for extending NR to up to 71 GHz" Samsung.
[23]
R1-2008250 "Discusson on required changes to NR using DL/UL NR waveform" OPPO.
[24]
R1-2008353 "Considerations on required changes to NR from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz" Sony.
[25]
R1-2008457 "A Discussion on Physical Layer Design for NR above 52.6GHz" Apple.
[26]
R1-2008493 "Discussions on required changes on supporting NR from 52.6GHz to 71 GHz" CAICT.
[27]
R1-2008501 "On required changes to NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform for operation in 60GHz band" MediaTek Inc.
[28]
R1-2008516 "On NR operation between 52.6 GHz and 71 GHz" Convida Wireless.
[29]
R1-2009062 "Evaluation Methodology and Required Changes on NR from 52.6 to 71 GHz" NTT DOCOMO, INC.
[30]
R1-2008615 "NR using existing DL-UL NR waveform to support operation between 52p6 GHz and 71 GHz" Qualcomm Incorporated.
[31]
R1-2008726 "Discussion on physical layer aspects for NR beyond 52.6GHz" WILUS Inc.
[32]
R1-2008769 "Waveform considerations for NR above 52.6 GHz" Charter Communications.
[33]
R1-2007550 "On channel access modes in 60GHz" FUTUREWEI.
[34]
R1-2007559 "Discussion on channel access for NR beyond 52.6 GHz" Lenovo, Motorola Mobility.
[35]
R1-2008976 "Channel access mechanism for 60 GHz unlicensed operation" Huawei, HiSilicon.
[36]
R1-2007643 "Channel access mechanism for NR on 52.6-71 GHz" Beijing Xiaomi Software Tech.
[37]
R1-2007653 "Discussion on channel access mechanism" vivo.
[38]
R1-2007791 "On Channel access mechanisms" InterDigital, Inc.
[39]
R1-2007848 "Channel Access Mechanism in support of NR operation in 52.6 to 71 GHz" CATT.
[40]
R1-2007884 "Channel access mechanism" TCL Communication Ltd.
[41]
R1-2007918 "Channel access mechanisms for NR from 52.6-71GHz" AT&T.
[42]
R1-2009312 "Design of NR channel access mechanisms for 60 GHz unlicensed band" Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell.
[43]
R1-2009380 "Channel Access Procedure for NR in 52.6 - 71 GHz" Intel Corporation.
[44]
R1-2007966 "On the channel access mechanism for above 52.6GHz" ZTE, Sanechips.
[45]
R1-2007983 "Channel Access Mechanism" Ericsson.
[46]
R1-2008046 "Considerations on channel access mechanism to support NR above 52.6 GHz" LG Electronics.
[47]
R1-2008091 "Discussion on channel access mechanism for above 52.6GHz" Spreadtrum Communications.
[48]
R1-2008157 "Channel access mechanism for 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum" Samsung.
[49]
R1-2008251 "Discussion on channel access" OPPO.
[50]
R1-2008354 "Channel access mechanism for 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum" Sony.
[51]
R1-2008458 "Views on Channel Access Mechanisms for Unlicensed Access above 52.6 GHz" Apple.
[52]
R1-2008494 "Discussions on channel access mechanism on supporting NR from 52.6GHz to 71 GHz" CAICT.
[53]
R1-2008517 "On Channel Access Mechanism and Interference Handling for Supporting NR from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz" Convida Wireless.
[54]
R1-2008548 "Channel Access Mechanism for NR in 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum" NTT DOCOMO, INC.
[55]
R1-2008563 "Discussion on channel access mechanism" ITRI.
[56]
R1-2009362 "Channel access mechanism for NR in 52p6 to 71GHz band" Qualcomm Incorporated.
[57]
R1-2008717 "Discussion on channel access mechanism for 52.6 to 71GHz unlicensed ban" Potevio
[58]
R1-2008770 "Further aspects of channel access mechanisms" Charter Communications.
[59]
R1-2007560 "Additional evaluations for NR beyond 52.6GHz" Lenovo, Motorola Mobility.
[60]
R1-2007654 "Evaluation on different numerologies for NR using existing DL/UL NR waveform" vivo.
[61]
R1-2007792 "Evaluation results for above 52.6 GHz" InterDigital, Inc.
[62]
R1-2007928 "Simulation Results for NR from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz" Nokia, Nokia Shanghai Bell.
[63]
R1-2007943 "Considerations on performance evaluation for NR in 52.6-71GHz" Intel Corporation.
[64]
R1-2009450 "Simulation results for NR above 52.6GHz" ZTE, Sanechips.
[65]
R1-2007984 "Evaluation results for NR in 52.6 - 71 GHz" Ericsson.
[66]
R1-2008047 "Considerations on phase noise compensation to support NR above 52.6 GHz" LG Electronics.
[67]
R1-2008873 "Evaluation results for extending NR to up to 71 GHz" Samsung.
[68]
R1-2009615 "Discussion on other aspects" OPPO.
[69]
R1-2008459 "Evaluation results for Physical Layer Design for NR above 52.6GHz" Apple.
[70]
R1-2008549 "Potential Enhancements for NR on 52.6 to 71 GHz" NTT DOCOMO, INC.
[71]
R1-2009157 "Performance evaluations for NR above 52.6 GHz" Charter Communications.
[72]
R1-2009610 "Link level and System level evaluation for NR system operating in 52.6GHz to 71GHz" Huawei, HiSilicon.
[73]
TR 38.803: "Study on new radio access technology; Radio Frequency (RF) and co-existence aspects".
[74]
Hua Wang, Fei Wang, Sensen Li, Tzu-Yuan Huang, Amr S. Ahmed, Naga Sasikanth Mannem, Jeongseok Lee, Edgar Garay, David Munzer, Christopher Snyder, Sanghoon Lee, Huy Thong Nguyen, and Michael Edward Duffy Smith, "Power Amplifiers Performance Survey 2000-Present," [Online]. Available: https://gems.ece.gatech.edu/PA_survey.html
[75]
ETSI TR 101 854: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point equipment; Derivation of receiver interference parameters useful for planning fixed service point-to-point systems operating different equipment classes and/or capacities"
[76]
D. B. Leeson, "A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum", Proceeding of the IEEE, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 329-330, 1966.
[77]
Hussein, S. Vasadi, J. Paramesh, "A 50-66-GHz Phase-Domain Digital Frequency Synthesizer with Low Phase Noise and Low Fractional Spurs", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 3329-3347, Dec. 2017.
[78]
Z. Zong, P. Chen, R. Staszewski, "A Low-Noise Fractional-N Digital Frequency Synthesizer with Implicit Frequency Tripling for mm-Wave Applications", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 755-767.
[79]
Y. Chao, H. C. Luong, Z. Hong "Analysis and Design of a 14.1-mW 50/100-GHz Transformer-Based PLL With Embedded Phase Shifter in 65-nm CMOS", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 63, no. 4, pp.1193-1201, Apr. 2015.
[80]
Z. Huang et. al. "A 70.5-to-85.5GHz 65nm Phase-Locked Loop with Passive Scaling of Loop Filter", IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference 2015, pp. 448-449.
[81]
Z. Huang, H. C. Luong, "An 82-107.6-GHz Integer-N ADPLL Employing a DCO With Split Transformer and Dual-Path Switched-Capacitor Ladder and a Clock-Skew-Sampling Delta-Sigma TDC", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 358-367, Feb. 2019.
[82]
X. Liu, H. C. Luong, "A Fully Integrated 0.27-THz Injection-Locked Frequency Synthesizer with Frequency-Tracking Loop in 65-nm CMOS", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2019
[83]
V. Szortyka et. al. "A 42 mW 200 fs-Jitter 60 GHz Sub-Sampling PLL in 40 nm CMOS", IEEE Journal of solid-State Circuits, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp.2025-2036, Sept. 2015.
[84]
X. Yi et. al. "A 93.4-104.8-GHz 57-mW Fractional-N Cascaded PLL With True In-Phase Injection-Coupled QVCO in 65-nm CMOS Technology", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 2370-2381, June 2019.
[85]
S. Iguchi et. al. "Variation-Tolerant Quick-Start-Up CMOS Crystal Oscillator with Chirp Injection and Negative Resistance Booster", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 496-508, Feb. 2016.
[86]
Y. Rajavi et. al. "A 48-MHz Differential Crystal Oscillator With 168-fs Jitter in 28-nm CMOS", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 2735-2745, Oct. 2017.
[87]
S. Igushi, T. Sakurai, M. Takamiya, "A Low-Power CMOS Crystal Oscillator Using a Stacked-Amplifier Architecture", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 3006-3017, Nov. 2017.
[88]
LMX2594, 15 GHz Wideband RF Synthesizer, Texas Instruments. http://www.ti.com/product/LMX2594
[89]
ADF41513 26.5 GHz, Integer N/Fractional-N, PLL Synthesizer, Analog Devices, https://www.analog.com/en/products/adf41513.html
[90]
Staffan Ek et al., A 28-nm FD-SOI 115-fs Jitter PLL-Based LO System for 24-30-GHz Sliding-IF 5G Transceivers, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits ( Volume: 53 , Issue: 7 , July 2018 )
[91]
Kambiz Hadipour, Andrea Ghilioni1, Andrea Mazzanti1, Matteo Bassi1, Francesco Svelto, "A 40GHz to 67GHz Bandwidth 23dB Gain 5.8dB Maximum NF mm-Wave LNA in 28nm CMOS", 2015 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium
[92]
Domenico Pepe, Domenico Zito, "32 dB Gain 28 nm Bulk CMOS W-Band LNA", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2015
[93]
Domenico Pepe1, Domenico Zito, "72 GHz CMOS LNA with Transformer-based Input Integrated Matching", IEEE 2015
[94]
Hossein Noori, Miles Sanner, Naveen Yanduru, "A 0.8 dB NF, 4.6 dBm IIP3, 1.8 - 2.2 GHz, Low-Power LNA in 130 nm RF SOI CMOS Technology", IEEE 2015
[95]
Joost Melai, Peter Magnée, Ivo Pouwel, Pieter Weijs, Ihor Brunets, Rob van Dalen, Anurag Vohra, Luuk Tiemeijer, Ralf Pijper, Hans Tuinhout, Nicole Wils, Nicolae Cazana, "QUBiC generation 9, a new BiCMOS process optimized for mmWave applications", IEEE 2015
[96]
Cristina Andrei, Olof Bengtsson, Ralf Doerner, Serguei A. Chevtchenko, Wolfgang Heinrich, Matthias Rudolph, "Dynamic behaviour of a Low-Noise Amplifier GaN MMIC under input power overdrive", Proceedings of the 45th European Microwave Conference
[97]
TR 38.817-02: "General aspects for Base Station (BS) Radio Frequency (RF) for NR"
[98]
TS 38.133: "NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification"
[99]
TS 38.104: "NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception"
[100]
R1-2008805, "Discussion on required changes to NR in 52.6 - 71 GHz", Intel Corporation
[101]
TR 38.817-02: "General aspects for Base Station (BS) Radio Frequency (RF) for NR"
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3  Definitions of terms, symbols and abbreviationsp. 12

3.1  Termsp. 12

For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.

3.2  Symbolsp. 12

For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
B
transmission bandwidth
G
antenna gain

3.3  Abbreviationsp. 13

For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in TR 21.905.
ATPC
Automatic Transmit Power Control
BD
Blind Decode
BFR
Beam Failure Report
BLER
Block Error Ratio
BO
Buffer Occupancy
BS
Base Station
BW
Bandwidth
BWP
Bandwidth Part
CAPC
Channel Access Priority Class
CC
Component Carrier
CCE
Control Channel Element
CORESET
Control Resource Set
CP
Cyclic Prefix
CPE
Common Phase Error
CPU
Channel State Information Processing Unit
CSI
Channel State Information
CW
Contention Window
DFS
Dynamic Frequency Selection
DMRS
Demodulation Reference Signal
DS
Delay Spread
ECP
Extended Cyclic Prefix
ED
Energy Detection
EDT
Energy Detection Threshold
EIRP
Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
FD
Frequency Domain
FDD
Frequency Duplex Division
IAB
Integrated Access Backhaul
ICI
Inter-Carrier Interference
ISD
Inter-Site Distance
ISM
Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
LBT
Listen Before Talk
MCL
Maximum Coupling Loss
MCOT
Maximum Channel Occupancy Time
MCS
Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIL
Maximum Isotropic Loss
NCP
Normal Cyclic Prefix
NR
New Radio
OCB
Occupied Channel Bandwidth
OCC
Orthogonal Cover Code
OOBE
Out-Of-Band Emission
PDCCH
Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PN
Phase Noise
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
PSD
Power Spectral Density
PTP
Point to point
PTRS
Phase Tracking Reference Signal
PUCCH
Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUSCH
Physical Uplink Shared Channel
RAT
Radio Access Technology
RF
Radio Frequency
RMSI
Remaining Minimum System Information
SSB
Synchronization Signal Block
SCS
Subcarrier Spacing
SI
Study Item
SID
Study Item Description
SINR
Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio
TA
Timing Advance
TAE
Timing Alignment Error
TB
Transport Block
TDD
Time Duplex Division
TRP
Transmission Reception Point
TTI
Transmission Time Interval
UE
User Equipment
V2X
Vehicle to Everything
WAN
Wide Area Network
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