Content for  TR 26.942  Word version:  19.0.0

This Candidate Solution partially addresses Key Issue#2 (Monitoring and measurement) described in clause 6.2.

This solution addresses only energy-related information measurement from the UE; it does not address energy-related information measurement from the network. The two main questions raised in the Key Issue description are about which UE energy related information is collected, and which UE entity is collecting. Currently, the 5G System does not have access to energy-related information on UEs. Because neither a component external to the UE nor mechanisms requiring debug mode are excluded by the use cases described in clause 5, this candidate solution proposes to use an existing entity allowing to provide energy-related information to the 5G System via existing API. Most UE Operating Systems already provide tools to assess the energy footprint of applications using system-wide metrics. Different Operating Systems provide different data about energy consumption. However, common basic data are available on two of the three main smartphone OS: Android [63] and Harmony OS [69], enabling the requirements of the Key Issue to be fulfilled. The common basic data between those two OSs are:

• Charging status: Battery charging state of the current device. Indicates if the battery is being/not being/fully charged.
• Voltage: Instantaneous battery voltage of the device, expressed in unit of microvolts (μV).
• Current: Instantaneous current of the device battery, expressed in units of milliamperes (mA).

Using APIs providing this information, the 5GMS Client is able to calculate the energy consumption during media streaming in Joules using the formula: However, this method as several key limitations:

• Such public API are not available on iOS.
• Energy consumption during charging phases is not included.

This Candidate Solution indicates how applications currently measure energy consumption of a smartphone. This has the advantage of answering questions raised in the description of Key Issue #2:

1. Which UE entity is appropriate to measure this UE energy-related information?
   Answer: This is done by the UE directly.
2. Which UE energy-related information will be collected to measure?
   Answer: The parameters commonly exposed by some smartphone Operating Systems.

However, in the context of this study, this solution has major limitations:

• UE energy-related information is not publicly available on all UE Operating Systems, including some major ones (e.g., iOS)
• This energy-related information is related to the entire smartphone, and is not limited to media consumption.
• Accuracy of information provided by the APIs is uncertain and likely to vary between different devices.