Content for TR 26.925 Word version: 19.0.0

5.1 Typical streaming/broadcast video and audio bitrates 5.2 Typical streaming/broadcast 360 VR bitrates 5.3 Typical conversational speech/audio and video bitrates 5.4 Typical uplink A/V streaming of A/V, including 360 VR content 5.4.1 Professional production content bitrates 5.4.2 Live uplink contribution professional content bitrates 5.4.3 User generated content 5.5 Typical Traffic Characteristics for Cloud gaming 5.6 XR Traffic Characteristics 5.7 Haptics media traffic Characteristics
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5 Typical current deployment characteristics p. 11

5.1 Typical streaming/broadcast video and audio bitrates p. 11

These figures are valid for both HDR/non-HDR video:

720p HD: 2 - 5 Mbps

NOTE 1:
Today typically 3 Mbps for HEVC [15] and 5Mbps for AVC [14], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2.
Full HD: 3 - 12 Mbps

NOTE 2:
Today typically 5-7 Mbps for HEVC [15] and 10-12 Mbps for AVC [14], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2 as well as TR 26.955.
4k UHD: 5- 25Mbps

NOTE 3:
Today typically 8-16 Mbps for HEVC [15] and 15-25 Mbps for AVC [14], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2 as well as TR 26.955.
8k UHD: 25 - 80 Mbps

NOTE 4:
Initially up to 80 Mbps for HEVC [15], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. More advances with new codecs are expected, See clause 6.1.2.

These figures apply for audio:

Normal quality audio: mono/stereo: 24-48 kbps
High quality audio: mono/stereo/immersive 24-512 kbps
Extreme quality audio: mono/stereo/immersive 512 kbps

5.2 Typical streaming/broadcast 360 VR bitrates p. 11

The following bitrates apply for streaming/broadcast 360 VR.

Basic 360 VR: 2.5 - 25 Mbps

NOTE 1:
For viewport agnostic, the 4k UHD numbers as defined in clause 5.1 apply. For viewport dependent, the bitrates likely can be reduced to half.
- According to [44], with HEVC at 1080p@30fps between 2.5 - 5 Mbps on average with caps at 5 - 8 Mbps.
HD 360 VR: 10 - 80 Mbps

NOTE 2:
For viewport agnostic, the 8k UHD numbers as defined in clause 5.1 apply. For viewport dependent, the bitrates likely can be reduced to half.
- According to [44], with HEVC at 4K@30fps between 10 - 18 Mbps on average with caps between 15 - 25 Mbps.
Retinal VR: 15 - 150 Mbps

NOTE 3:
For viewport agnostic, the 8k UHD numbers multiplied by 4 as defined in clause 5.1 apply. For viewport dependent, the bitrates likely can be reduced to half or even on third.
- According to [44], with HEVC at 8K@30fps between 30 - 35 Mbps on average with caps at 42 Mbps.

5.3 Typical conversational speech/audio and video bitrates p. 12

The following bitrates are typical in commercial services according to clause 4.3:

Narrowband voice (mono): 7.2-13.2 kbps
Wideband voice (mono): 7.2-24.4 kbps
Super-wideband voice (mono): 9.6-24.4 kbps
Fullband voice (mono): 16.4-[TBD] kbps

NOTE:
Unlike NB, WB and SWB which all are audio bandwidths used in commercial networks, no FB usage has yet been seen for commercial conversational services.
VGA video: 300 - 900 kbps
720p HD video: 800 - 1500 kbps
Telepresence video 1080p: 1500 - 3000 kbps

5.4 Typical uplink A/V streaming of A/V, including 360 VR content p. 12

5.4.1 Professional production content bitrates p. 12

Table 5.4.1-1 lists common content formats from professional cameras that are output in uncompressed form over the SDI interface, and their corresponding bit rates:

Table 5.4.1-1: SDI interface, and their corresponding bit rates

Standard	Name	Bitrates	Example video formats
SMPTE 259M [31]	SD-SDI	270 Mbit/s, 360 Mbit/s, 143 Mbit/s, and 177 Mbit/s	480i, 576i
SMPTE 344M [31]	ED-SDI	540 Mbit/s	480p, 576p
SMPTE 292M [31]	HD-SDI	1.485 Gbit/s, and 1.485/1.001 Gbit/s	720p, 1080i
SMPTE 372M [31]	Dual Link HD-SDI	2.970 Gbit/s, and 2.970/1.001 Gbit/s	1080p60
SMPTE 424M [31]	3G-SDI	2.970 Gbit/s, and 2.970/1.001 Gbit/s	1080p60
SMPTE ST-2081 [32]	6G-SDI	6 Gbit/s	2160p30
SMPTE ST-2082 [33]	12G-SDI	12 Gbit/s	2160p60
SMPTE ST-2083 [34]	24G-SDI	24 Gbit/s	2160p/4k@120,8k@60

SMPTE ST 2110 [12] can support transport of compressed or uncompressed streams from cameras with the resolutions above. According to [13], in case of uncompressed streams, the video rates for YCbCr 4:2:2 10b format can be derived as follows.

Table 5.4.1-2: ST 2110 Video uncompressed streams bitrates

Format	Corresponding ST 2110 Video uncompressed bitrate (YCbCr 4:2:2 10b) [12] in Gbps
480p30, 576p25	0.221
720p50/60	0.982 / 1.178
1080p50/60	2.210 / 2.650
2160p50/60	8.842 / 10.600
2160p100 (4K)	17.684
4320p50/60/100 (8K)	36.103 / 43.280 / 72.206

Audio uncompressed channels come in addition, but their bitrates are some magnitude smaller than uncompressed video.

Light compression can also be used for such production environments using for example VC-2 (ST 2042-1:2017 - SMPTE Standard - VC-2 Video Compression) [36] which is typically used with a coding ratio of 4:1 and MJ2 - Motion JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC IS 15444-3 | ITU-T T.802) [37] which is typically used with a coding ratio of 6:1.

Compression is used for portable cameras equipped with wireless (Wireless LAN and 4G LTE) modules. The bitrates are 9, 6, 3, 2Mbps for up to 720p@60fps and 9, 6, 3 Mbps for 1080@30fps with AVC/H.264 [14].

5.4.2 Live uplink contribution professional content bitrates p. 13

Contribution feeds as seen in real deployed systems:

80 Mbps 422 10 bits for HD @60fps
165 Mbps 422 10 bits for UHD (4K, AVC/H.264 [14]) @60fps
120 Mbps 422 10 bits for UHD (4K, HEVC/H.265 [15]) @60fps
Normal quality 360 VR: [TBD 96 Mbps]
High quality 360 VR: [TBD 140 Mbps]

NOTE 1:
The above video profiles include frame rates of up to 60fps.
Broadcast auxiliary services (e.g. electronic news gathering) according to Recommendation ITU-R BT.1872-3 [9]:21-35 Mbps for HD TV (AVC/H.264 [14])
18-30 Mbps for HD TV (HEVC/H.265 [15])
96-145 Mbps for UHD TV (4K, HEVC/H.265 [15])
140-285 Mbps for UHD TV (8K, HEVC/H.265 [15])
Compressed audio: 96-180 kbps per channel
Uncompressed audio: 768-1152 kbps per channel

NOTE 2:
The lower video rates from BT.1872-3 concern a single codec while the higher rates have headroom for 3 coding steps in tandem.

5.4.3 User generated content p. 14

The following bitrates are typical for user generated content:

720p HD: 3 - 10 Mbps

NOTE 1:
Today typically 5-10 Mbps for AVC [14] depending on frame rate and dynamic range, but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2.
Full HD: 5 - 15 Mbps

NOTE 2:
Today typically 8-15 Mbps for AVC [14], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2.
4k UHD: 10 - 85 Mbps

NOTE 3:
Today typically 8-16 Mbps for HEVC [15] and 15-25 Mbps for AVC [14], but bitrate reductions expected with better encoding and coding tools. See clause 6.1.2.
8k UHD: 20 - 150 Mbps

NOTE 4:
No information is available today, but the numbers are extrapolated from 4K by multiplying with a factor 4.
Basic 360 VR: the numbers for 4k UHD apply
HD 360 VR: the numbers for 8k UHD apply
Retinal VR: this is roughly 16k as expected, so a factor 4 to 8k UHD is applicable, i.e. 40-300 Mbps
Normal quality audio: 24.4kbps/channel

NOTE 5:
Super-wideband 3GPP audio codecs may be used.
High quality audio: 128kbps/channel

5.5 Typical Traffic Characteristics for Cloud gaming p. 14

For cloud gaming, the downlink streaming of 720p/1080p/4k @60fps encoded A/V typically consists of a 5-35Mbps bitstream. One instance of a cloud gaming service requires a minimum uplink bitrate of 1.5 Mbps [21].

In the future the cloud gaming is presumed to reach up to 8k resolutions and up to 120fps downlink bitstreams. No information on such currently deployed services are available to formulate typical bitrates. However, clause 6 provides indication that allows estimation of bitrates. Annex A provides background information on deployed cloud gaming services.

Different game types result in different round-trip user interaction delay requirements (sometimes referred also as acceptable game latency). As discussed in clause 4.2 of TR 26.928, with regards to such requirements, games may be divided into the following 4 types: games requiring (i) at most 50 ms, (ii) at most 100 ms, (iii) at most 200ms, and (iv) games with no latency requirements. The game latency impacts the traffic model as well as the requirements on the delivery system. The shorter the latency requirements, the higher the expected bitrate.

Cloud gaming traffic characteristics are also discussed in clause 6 of TR 26.928 as well as TR 26.926.

5.6 XR Traffic Characteristics p. 15

Initial typical bitrates and traffic characteristics for XR services are collected in clause 6 of TR 26.928 as well as TR 26.926. A summary of expected bitrates and traffic characteristics are provided:

Viewport-independent 6DOF streaming
- Downlink only
- HTTP Streaming
- Up to 100 Mbps to address high-quality 6DOF VR services to allow 2k per eye streaming at 90 fps (see clause 4.2 and 6.2.2 of TR 26.928)
Viewport-dependent 6DOF streaming
- Downlink only
- HTTP streaming, HTTP/TCP level information and responses are exchanged every 100-200 ms in viewport-dependent streaming.
- Up to 25 - 50 Mbps to address high-quality 6DOF VR services to allow 2k per eye streaming at 90 fps (see clause 4.2 and 6.2.3 TR 26.928)
Raster-based split rendering
- Primarily downlink
  - for H.264/AVC the bitrates are in the order of up to 50 Mbps per eye buffer, i.e. up to 100 Mbit/s.
  - for H.265/HEVC the bitrates are in the order of 20 - 30 Mbps per eye buffer, i.e. 40 - 60 Mbit/s
  - packet latency requirements are in the range of 15ms
  - Application Layer FEC may be used with overhead from 10-50%, typically something like 30%
- uplink pose information (see clause 5.8 of TR 26.926)
  - typically every 10 -15ms constant packet size of up to 100 bytes
  - packet latency requirements are 10 - 15 ms
- Generalized split rendering
- details are FFS
XR conversational
- details are FFS

5.7 Haptics media traffic Characteristics p. 16

Two types of haptics media transmission formats are considered: parametric and PCM.

In general, haptics media PCM coded bitstreams require substantially more bitrate than parametric coded bitstreams, this is due to the capability of having silent units in a parametric bitstream.

When coding repetitive haptics media effect, a key difference between a parametric coded bitstream and a PCM coded bitstream on the traffic characteristic is the following:

In a parametric coded bitstreams, identical or similar effects can be coded and sent a single time and then referenced, rather than coding multiple time the same or similar haptics media effect.
In a PCM coded bitstream, similarly to audio and video, coding performance improves for these repeated consecutive effects but provide a much higher overhead compared to the parametric coded bitstream.

Table 5.7-1 summarises the expected characteristics and average bitrates per channel applicable for the use cases of clause 5 of TR 26.854. In this Table, density represents the quantity of haptics effects over the duration of the sequence, it is not related to the intensity of the haptics effect. Three parameters impact the bitrate requirements: the number of channels, the media format and the density.

Table 5.7-1: Summary of typical haptics media traffic characteristic

Use case	Nb of channels	Media Format	Density	Average bitrate per channel
Haptic enhanced media distribution (clause 5.2 of TR 26.854)	1 to 32	Parametric	Light Medium High	0.25 to 0.75 kbps 0. 5 to 1.5 kbps 1 to 5 kbps
	1 to 32	Time sampled	Light Medium High	From 6 to 64kbps depending on the density and the quality of the desired signal. 8-16 kbps for good quality at medium and high density. 32-64 kbps for very high quality at medium and high density.
Haptic enhanced communication (clause 5.3 of TR 26.854))	1 to 4	Parametric	Light Medium	0.25 to 0.75 kbps 0.5 to 2 kbps
Immersive Entertainment (clause 5.4 of TR 26.854))	1 to 32	Parametric	Light Medium High	0.25 to 0.75 kbps 0. 5 to 1.5 kbps 1 to 5 kbps
Immersive Entertainment (clause 5.4 of TR 26.854))	1 to 32	Time sampled	Light Medium High	From 6 to 64kbps depending on the density and the quality of the desired signal. 8-16 kbps for good quality at medium and high density 32-64 kbps for very high quality at medium and high density
Immersive multi-modal XR and metaverse (clause 5.5 of TR 26.854))	6 to 32	Parametric	Light Medium High	0.25 to 0.75 kbps 0. 5 to 1.5 kbps 1 to 5 kbps
	6 to 32	Time sampled	Light Medium High	From 6 to 64kbps depending on the density and the quality of the desired signal. 8-16 kbps for good quality at medium and high density 32-64 kbps for very high quality at medium and high density