One of the promises of 5G is the convergence of fixed and mobile networks. This situation is especially challenging in residential environment (also known as "inHome" environment) where in some cases 5G will even augment or displace the existing infrastructures. The introduction of the 5G in the residential environment will solve many coverage and QoS problems that home owners are suffering with the current solutions. In order to achieve this goal, 3GPP network operators should support LAN-style services over the 5G system. Home owners will demand at least the same functionality and levels of privacy and security that current solutions provide for their home networks (e.g. privacy, communication within a set of devices).

A 5G PVN provides many benefits for the enterprise environment. The two main areas of impact are in providing a LAN emulation capability that will interwork with and enhance existing WLAN and fixed LANs in the enterprise and as a replacement LAN technology that eliminates the need for other WLAN and fixed LAN deployments. In a LAN emulation scenario, an existing WLAN or fixed LAN is enhanced for wider area coverage using the cellular radio and greater mobility for UEs. In a LAN replacement scenario, the 5G PVN provides all 5G LAN-type services, without the need for other wireless or fixed LAN installations, with all of the additional benefits of having access to the 5G PVN via a PLMN. Since the 5G PVN uses the same technology as the PLMN, access to 5G LAN-type services is no longer restricted to low range wireless or fixed proximity. A UE can communicate with any other UE that is a member of the 5G PVN from anywhere there is 5G service. This means users do not have to be in the same location to access files, databases, or other office equipment, allowing the flexibility to work remotely, including from a customer premise or other off-site location. Employees of a large multi-site company can access equipment in their home office even while visiting other locations. A 5G PVN can support devices that have subscriptions from various network operators, allowing an enterprise the flexibility for employees to use their own devices for both personal and work related communications. Using a 5G PVN allows the enterprise to further minimize equipment needs for employees who will be enabled to use their smartphone, tablet, or laptop to both access other devices on the 5G PVN, including printers, databases, cloud storage, that they use to contact their customers and suppliers that are not members of the 5G PVN. This flexibility increases employee productivity in a cost effective manner.

Industrial automation can use tight closed-loop control in applications such as manufacturing, machine control, packaging, and printing. In these applications, a controller interacts with many sensor and actuator devices, located within a small area (up to 100 m x 100 m) [7, 8]. This results in a high device density in the local network. Applications have high performance requirements such as low latency, high reliability, and deterministic delivery of messages. The combination of high density of devices and stringent performance requirements makes this meeting the demands of this environment challenging. There is a desire to replace the wired links with wireless links in some scenarios, e.g., devices are mobile, cables need to go through hazardous areas, a rotating part in a machine needs connectivity. Further, providing wireless connectivity can enable rapid reconfiguration of a factory, which can yield improvement in productivity. A 5G LAN-type service can be provided that could enhance existing WLAN and/or fixed LANs deployed in the factory and also could be a replacement LAN technology that eliminate the need for other WLAN and fixed LAN deployments. One of the fundamental aspects of this deployment scenario is that the existing controllers, switches, sensors, and actuators must be supported transparently by the communication medium. This means that the behaviour of any replacement to the existing transport system must fulfil the service and performance requirements expected by the endpoints to replicate the functionality of the wired system.