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RFC 5070

The Incident Object Description Exchange Format

Pages: 92
Obsoleted by:  7970
Updated by:  6685
Part 2 of 4 – Pages 18 to 42
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3.7. Contact Class

The Contact class describes contact information for organizations and personnel involved in the incident. This class allows for the naming of the involved party, specifying contact information for them, and identifying their role in the incident. People and organizations are treated interchangeably as contacts; one can be associated with the other using the recursive definition of the class (the Contact class is aggregated into the Contact class). The 'type' attribute disambiguates the type of contact information being provided. The inheriting definition of Contact provides a way to relate information without requiring the explicit use of identifiers in the classes or duplication of data. A complete point of contact is derived by a particular traversal from the root Contact class to the leaf Contact class. As such, multiple points of contact might be specified in a single instance of a Contact class. Each child Contact class logically inherits contact information from its ancestors.
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   +------------------+
   | Contact          |
   +------------------+
   | ENUM role        |<>--{0..1}--[ ContactName    ]
   | STRING ext-role  |<>--{0..*}--[ Description    ]
   | ENUM type        |<>--{0..*}--[ RegistryHandle ]
   | STRING ext-type  |<>--{0..1}--[ PostalAddress  ]
   | ENUM restriction |<>--{0..*}--[ Email          ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Telephone      ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ Fax            ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ Timezone       ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Contact        ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData ]
   +------------------+

                        Figure 7: The Contact Class

   The aggregate classes that constitute the Contact class are:

   ContactName
      Zero or one.  ML_STRING.  The name of the contact.  The contact
      may either be an organization or a person.  The type attribute
      disambiguates the semantics.

   Description
      Zero or many.  ML_STRING.  A free-form description of this
      contact.  In the case of a person, this is often the
      organizational title of the individual.

   RegistryHandle
      Zero or many.  A handle name into the registry of the contact.

   PostalAddress
      Zero or one.  The postal address of the contact.

   Email
      Zero or many.  The email address of the contact.

   Telephone
      Zero or many.  The telephone number of the contact.

   Fax
      Zero or one.  The facsimile telephone number of the contact.

   Timezone
      Zero or one.  TIMEZONE.  The timezone in which the contact resides
      formatted according to Section 2.9.
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   Contact
      Zero or many.  A Contact instance contained within another Contact
      instance inherits the values of the parent(s).  This recursive
      definition can be used to group common data pertaining to multiple
      points of contact and is especially useful when listing multiple
      contacts at the same organization.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or many.  A mechanism by which to extend the data model.

   At least one of the aggregate classes MUST be present in an instance
   of the Contact class.  This is not enforced in the IODEF schema as
   there is no simple way to accomplish it.

   The Contact class has five attributes:

   role
      Required.  ENUM.  Indicates the role the contact fulfills.  This
      attribute is defined as an enumerated list:

      1.  creator.  The entity that generate the document.

      2.  admin.  An administrative contact for a host or network.

      3.  tech.  A technical contact for a host or network.

      4.  irt.  The CSIRT involved in handling the incident.

      5.  cc.  An entity that is to be kept informed about the handling
          of the incident.

      6.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-role
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the role attribute.
      See Section 5.1.

   type
      Required.  ENUM.  Indicates the type of contact being described.
      This attribute is defined as an enumerated list:

      1.  person.  The information for this contact references an
          individual.

      2.  organization.  The information for this contact references an
          organization.
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      3.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-type
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the type attribute.
      See Section 5.1.

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

3.7.1. RegistryHandle Class

The RegistryHandle class represents a handle into an Internet registry or community-specific database. The handle is specified in the element content and the type attribute specifies the database. +---------------------+ | RegistryHandle | +---------------------+ | STRING | | | | ENUM registry | | STRING ext-registry | +---------------------+ Figure 8: The RegistryHandle Class The RegistryHandle class has two attributes: registry Required. ENUM. The database to which the handle belongs. The default value is 'local'. The possible values are: 1. internic. Internet Network Information Center 2. apnic. Asia Pacific Network Information Center 3. arin. American Registry for Internet Numbers 4. lacnic. Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry 5. ripe. Reseaux IP Europeens 6. afrinic. African Internet Numbers Registry 7. local. A database local to the CSIRT
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      8.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-registry
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the registry
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

3.7.2. PostalAddress Class

The PostalAddress class specifies a postal address formatted according to the POSTAL data type (Section 2.11). +---------------------+ | PostalAddress | +---------------------+ | POSTAL | | | | ENUM meaning | | ENUM lang | +---------------------+ Figure 9: The PostalAddress Class The PostalAddress class has two attributes: meaning Optional. ENUM. A free-form description of the element content. lang Required. ENUM. A valid language code per RFC 4646 [7] constrained by the definition of "xs:language". The interpretation of this code is described in Section 6.

3.7.3. Email Class

The Email class specifies an email address formatted according to EMAIL data type (Section 2.14). +--------------+ | Email | +--------------+ | EMAIL | | | | ENUM meaning | +--------------+ Figure 10: The Email Class
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   The Email class has one attribute:

   meaning
      Optional.  ENUM.  A free-form description of the element content.

3.7.4. Telephone and Fax Classes

The Telephone and Fax classes specify a voice or fax telephone number respectively, and are formatted according to PHONE data type (Section 2.13). +--------------------+ | {Telephone | Fax } | +--------------------+ | PHONE | | | | ENUM meaning | +--------------------+ Figure 11: The Telephone and Fax Classes The Telephone class has one attribute: meaning Optional. ENUM. A free-form description of the element content (e.g., hours of coverage for a given number).

3.8. Time Classes

The data model uses five different classes to represent a timestamp. Their definition is identical, but each has a distinct name to convey a difference in semantics. The element content of each class is a timestamp formatted according to the DATETIME data type (see Section 2.8). +----------------------------------+ | {Start| End| Report| Detect}Time | +----------------------------------+ | DATETIME | +----------------------------------+ Figure 12: The Time Classes
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3.8.1. StartTime

The StartTime class represents the time the incident began.

3.8.2. EndTime

The EndTime class represents the time the incident ended.

3.8.3. DetectTime

The DetectTime class represents the time the first activity of the incident was detected.

3.8.4. ReportTime

The ReportTime class represents the time the incident was reported. This timestamp SHOULD coincide to the time at which the IODEF document is generated.

3.8.5. DateTime

The DateTime class is a generic representation of a timestamp. Its semantics should be inferred from the parent class in which it is aggregated.

3.9. Method Class

The Method class describes the methodology used by the intruder to perpetrate the events of the incident. This class consists of a list of references describing the attack method and a free form description of the technique. +------------------+ | Method | +------------------+ | ENUM restriction |<>--{0..*}--[ Reference ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ Description ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData ] +------------------+ Figure 13: The Method Class The Method class is composed of three aggregate classes. Reference Zero or many. A reference to a vulnerability, malware sample, advisory, or analysis of an attack technique.
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   Description
      Zero or many.  ML_STRING.  A free-form text description of the
      methodology used by the intruder.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or many.  A mechanism by which to extend the data model.

   Either an instance of the Reference or Description class MUST be
   present.

   The Method class has one attribute:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

3.9.1. Reference Class

The Reference class is a reference to a vulnerability, IDS alert, malware sample, advisory, or attack technique. A reference consists of a name, a URL to this reference, and an optional description. +------------------+ | Reference | +------------------+ | |<>----------[ ReferenceName ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ URL ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ Description ] +------------------+ Figure 14: The Reference Class The aggregate classes that constitute Reference: ReferenceName One. ML_STRING. Name of the reference. URL Zero or many. URL. A URL associated with the reference. Description Zero or many. ML_STRING. A free-form text description of this reference.

3.10. Assessment Class

The Assessment class describes the technical and non-technical repercussions of the incident on the CSIRT's constituency.
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   This class was derived from the IDMEF[17].

    +------------------+
    | Assessment       |
    +------------------+
    | ENUM occurrence  |<>--{0..*}--[ Impact         ]
    | ENUM restriction |<>--{0..*}--[ TimeImpact     ]
    |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ MonetaryImpact ]
    |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Counter        ]
    |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ Confidence     ]
    |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData ]
    +------------------+

                        Figure 15: Assessment Class

   The aggregate classes that constitute Assessment are:

   Impact
      Zero or many.  Technical impact of the incident on a network.

   TimeImpact
      Zero or many.  Impact of the activity measured with respect to
      time.

   MonetaryImpact
      Zero or many.  Impact of the activity measured with respect to
      financial loss.

   Counter
      Zero or more.  A counter with which to summarize the magnitude of
      the activity.

   Confidence
      Zero or one.  An estimate of confidence in the assessment.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or many.  A mechanism by which to extend the data model.

   A least one instance of the possible three impact classes (i.e.,
   Impact, TimeImpact, or MonetaryImpact) MUST be present.

   The Assessment class has two attributes:

   occurrence
      Optional.  ENUM.  Specifies whether the assessment is describing
      actual or potential outcomes.  The default is "actual" and is
      assumed if not specified.
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      1.  actual.  This assessment describes activity that has occurred.

      2.  potential.  This assessment describes potential activity that
          might occur.

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

3.10.1. Impact Class

The Impact class allows for categorizing and describing the technical impact of the incident on the network of an organization. This class is based on the IDMEF [17]. +------------------+ | Impact | +------------------+ | ML_STRING | | | | ENUM lang | | ENUM severity | | ENUM completion | | ENUM type | | STRING ext-type | +------------------+ Figure 16: Impact Class The element content will be a free-form textual description of the impact. The Impact class has five attributes: lang Required. ENUM. A valid language code per RFC 4646 [7] constrained by the definition of "xs:language". The interpretation of this code is described in Section 6. severity Optional. ENUM. An estimate of the relative severity of the activity. The permitted values are shown below. There is no default value.
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      1.  low.  Low severity

      2.  medium.  Medium severity

      3.  high.  High severity

   completion
      Optional.  ENUM.  An indication whether the described activity was
      successful.  The permitted values are shown below.  There is no
      default value.

      1.  failed.  The attempted activity was not successful.

      2.  succeeded.  The attempted activity succeeded.

   type
      Required.  ENUM.  Classifies the malicious activity into incident
      categories.  The permitted values are shown below.  The default
      value is "other".

      1.   admin.  Administrative privileges were attempted.

      2.   dos.  A denial of service was attempted.

      3.   file.  An action that impacts the integrity of a file or
           database was attempted.

      4.   info-leak.  An attempt was made to exfiltrate information.

      5.   misconfiguration.  An attempt was made to exploit a mis-
           configuration in a system.

      6.   policy.  Activity violating site's policy was attempted.

      7.   recon.  Reconnaissance activity was attempted.

      8.   social-engineering.  A social engineering attack was
           attempted.

      9.   user.  User privileges were attempted.

      10.  unknown.  The classification of this activity is unknown.

      11.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
           See Section 5.1.
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   ext-type
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the type attribute.
      See Section 5.1.

3.10.2. TimeImpact Class

The TimeImpact class describes the impact of the incident on an organization as a function of time. It provides a way to convey down time and recovery time. +---------------------+ | TimeImpact | +---------------------+ | REAL | | | | ENUM severity | | ENUM metric | | STRING ext-metric | | ENUM duration | | STRING ext-duration | +---------------------+ Figure 17: TimeImpact Class The element content is a positive, floating point (REAL) number specifying a unit of time. The duration and metric attributes will imply the semantics of the element content. The TimeImpact class has five attributes: severity Optional. ENUM. An estimate of the relative severity of the activity. The permitted values are shown below. There is no default value. 1. low. Low severity 2. medium. Medium severity 3. high. High severity metric Required. ENUM. Defines the metric in which the time is expressed. The permitted values are shown below. There is no default value.
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      1.  labor.  Total staff-time to recovery from the activity (e.g.,
          2 employees working 4 hours each would be 8 hours).

      2.  elapsed.  Elapsed time from the beginning of the recovery to
          its completion (i.e., wall-clock time).

      3.  downtime.  Duration of time for which some provided service(s)
          was not available.

      4.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-metric
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the metric
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

   duration
      Required.  ENUM.  Defines a unit of time, that when combined with
      the metric attribute, fully describes a metric of impact that will
      be conveyed in the element content.  The permitted values are
      shown below.  The default value is "hour".

      1.  second.  The unit of the element content is seconds.

      2.  minute.  The unit of the element content is minutes.

      3.  hour.  The unit of the element content is hours.

      4.  day.  The unit of the element content is days.

      5.  month.  The unit of the element content is months.

      6.  quarter.  The unit of the element content is quarters.

      7.  year.  The unit of the element content is years.

      8.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-duration
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the duration
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

3.10.3. MonetaryImpact Class

The MonetaryImpact class describes the financial impact of the activity on an organization. For example, this impact may consider losses due to the cost of the investigation or recovery, diminished
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   productivity of the staff, or a tarnished reputation that will affect
   future opportunities.

         +------------------+
         | MonetaryImpact   |
         +------------------+
         | REAL             |
         |                  |
         | ENUM severity    |
         | STRING currency  |
         +------------------+

                      Figure 18: MonetaryImpact Class

   The element content is a positive, floating point number (REAL)
   specifying a unit of currency described in the currency attribute.

   The MonetaryImpact class has two attributes:

   severity
      Optional.  ENUM.  An estimate of the relative severity of the
      activity.  The permitted values are shown below.  There is no
      default value.

      1.  low.  Low severity

      2.  medium.  Medium severity

      3.  high.  High severity

   currency
      Required.  STRING.  Defines the currency in which the monetary
      impact is expressed.  The permitted values are defined in ISO
      4217:2001, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds
      [14].  There is no default value.

3.10.4. Confidence Class

The Confidence class represents a best estimate of the validity and accuracy of the described impact (see Section 3.10) of the incident activity. This estimate can be expressed as a category or a numeric calculation. This class if based upon the IDMEF [17]).
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         +------------------+
         | Confidence       |
         +------------------+
         | REAL             |
         |                  |
         | ENUM rating      |
         +------------------+

                        Figure 19: Confidence Class

   The element content expresses a numerical assessment in the
   confidence of the data when the value of the rating attribute is
   "numeric".  Otherwise, this element should be empty.

   The Confidence class has one attribute.

   rating
      Required.  ENUM.  A rating of the analytical validity of the
      specified Assessment.  The permitted values are shown below.
      There is no default value.

      1.  low.  Low confidence in the validity.

      2.  medium.  Medium confidence in the validity.

      3.  high.  High confidence in the validity.

      4.  numeric.  The element content contains a number that conveys
          the confidence of the data.  The semantics of this number
          outside the scope of this specification.

3.11. History Class

The History class is a log of the significant events or actions performed by the involved parties during the course of handling the incident. The level of detail maintained in this log is left up to the discretion of those handling the incident. +------------------+ | History | +------------------+ | ENUM restriction |<>--{1..*}--[ HistoryItem ] | | +------------------+
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                       Figure 20: The History Class

   The class that constitutes History is:

   HistoryItem
      One or many.  Entry in the history log of significant events or
      actions performed by the involved parties.

   The History class has one attribute:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

3.11.1. HistoryItem Class

The HistoryItem class is an entry in the History (Section 3.11) log that documents a particular action or event that occurred in the course of handling the incident. The details of the entry are a free-form description, but each can be categorized with the type attribute. +-------------------+ | HistoryItem | +-------------------+ | ENUM restriction |<>----------[ DateTime ] | ENUM action |<>--{0..1}--[ IncidentId ] | STRING ext-action |<>--{0..1}--[ Contact ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ Description ] | |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData ] +-------------------+ Figure 21: HistoryItem Class The aggregate classes that constitute HistoryItem are: DateTime One. Timestamp of this entry in the history log (e.g., when the action described in the Description was taken). IncidentID Zero or One. In a history log created by multiple parties, the IncidentID provides a mechanism to specify which CSIRT created a particular entry and references this organization's incident tracking number. When a single organization is maintaining the log, this class can be ignored.
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   Contact
      Zero or One. Provides contact information for the person that
      performed the action documented in this class.

   Description
      Zero or many.  ML_STRING.  A free-form textual description of the
      action or event.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or many.  A mechanism by which to extend the data model.

   The HistoryItem class has three attributes:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute has been defined in Section 3.2.

   action
      Required.  ENUM.  Classifies a performed action or occurrence
      documented in this history log entry.  As activity will likely
      have been instigated either through a previously conveyed
      expectation or internal investigation, this attribute is identical
      to the category attribute of the Expectation class.  The
      difference is only one of tense.  When an action is in this class,
      it has been completed.  See Section 3.13.

   ext-action
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the action
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

3.12. EventData Class

The EventData class describes a particular event of the incident for a given set of hosts or networks. This description includes the systems from which the activity originated and those targeted, an assessment of the techniques used by the intruder, the impact of the activity on the organization, and any forensic evidence discovered.
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   +------------------+
   | EventData        |
   +------------------+
   | ENUM restriction |<>--{0..*}--[ Description    ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ DetectTime     ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ StartTime      ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ EndTime        ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Contact        ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ Assessment     ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Method         ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Flow           ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ Expectation    ]
   |                  |<>--{0..1}--[ Record         ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ EventData      ]
   |                  |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData ]
   +------------------+

                      Figure 22: The EventData Class

   The aggregate classes that constitute EventData are:

   Description
      Zero or more.  ML_STRING.  A free-form textual description of the
      event.

   DetectTime
      Zero or one.  The time the event was detected.

   StartTime
      Zero or one.  The time the event started.

   EndTime
      Zero or one.  The time the event ended.

   Contact
      Zero or more.  Contact information for the parties involved in the
      event.

   Assessment
      Zero or one.  The impact of the event on the target and the
      actions taken.

   Method
      Zero or more.  The technique used by the intruder in the event.
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   Flow
      Zero or more.  A description of the systems or networks involved.

   Expectation
      Zero or more.  The expected action to be performed by the
      recipient for the described event.

   Record
      Zero or one.  Supportive data (e.g., log files) that provides
      additional information about the event.

   EventData
      Zero or more.  EventData instances contained within another
      EventData instance inherit the values of the parent(s); this
      recursive definition can be used to group common data pertaining
      to multiple events.  When EventData elements are defined
      recursively, only the leaf instances (those EventData instances
      not containing other EventData instances) represent actual events.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or more.  An extension mechanism for data not explicitly
      represented in the data model.

   At least one of the aggregate classes MUST be present in an instance
   of the EventData class.  This is not enforced in the IODEF schema as
   there is no simple way to accomplish it.

   The EventData class has one attribute:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

3.12.1. Relating the Incident and EventData Classes

There is substantial overlap in the Incident and EventData classes. Nevertheless, the semantics of these classes are quite different. The Incident class provides summary information about the entire incident, while the EventData class provides information about the individual events comprising the incident. In the most common case, the EventData class will provide more specific information for the general description provided in the Incident class. However, it may also be possible that the overall summarized information about the incident conflicts with some individual information in an EventData class when there is a substantial composition of various events in the incident. In such a case, the interpretation of the more specific EventData MUST supersede the more generic information provided in IncidentData.
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3.12.2. Cardinality of EventData

The EventData class can be thought of as a container for the properties of an event in an incident. These properties include: the hosts involved, impact of the incident activity on the hosts, forensic logs, etc. With an instance of the EventData class, hosts (i.e., System class) are grouped around these common properties. The recursive definition (or instance property inheritance) of the EventData class (the EventData class is aggregated into the EventData class) provides a way to related information without requiring the explicit use of unique attribute identifiers in the classes or duplicating information. Instead, the relative depth (nesting) of a class is used to group (relate) information. For example, an EventData class might be used to describe two machines involved in an incident. This description can be achieved using multiple instances of the Flow class. It happens that there is a common technical contact (i.e., Contact class) for these two machines, but the impact (i.e., Assessment class) on them is different. A depiction of the representation for this situation can be found in Figure 23. +------------------+ | EventData | +------------------+ | |<>----[ Contact ] | | | |<>----[ EventData ]<>----[ Flow ] | | [ ]<>----[ Assessment ] | | | |<>----[ EventData ]<>----[ Flow ] | | [ ]<>----[ Assessment ] +------------------+ Figure 23: Recursion in the EventData Class

3.13. Expectation Class

The Expectation class conveys to the recipient of the IODEF document the actions the sender is requesting. The scope of the requested action is limited to purview of the EventData class in which this class is aggregated.
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   +-------------------+
   | Expectation       |
   +-------------------+
   | ENUM restriction  |<>--{0..*}--[ Description ]
   | ENUM severity     |<>--{0..1}--[ StartTime   ]
   | ENUM action       |<>--{0..1}--[ EndTime     ]
   | STRING ext-action |<>--{0..1}--[ Contact     ]
   +-------------------+

                     Figure 24: The Expectation Class

   The aggregate classes that constitute Expectation are:

   Description
      Zero or many.  ML_STRING.  A free-form description of the desired
      action(s).

   StartTime
      Zero or one.  The time at which the action should be performed.  A
      timestamp that is earlier than the ReportTime specified in the
      Incident class denotes that the expectation should be fulfilled as
      soon as possible.  The absence of this element leaves the
      execution of the expectation to the discretion of the recipient.

   EndTime
      Zero or one.  The time by which the action should be completed.
      If the action is not carried out by this time, it should no longer
      be performed.

   Contact
      Zero or one.  The expected actor for the action.

   The Expectations class has four attributes:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

   severity
      Optional.  ENUM.  Indicates the desired priority of the action.
      This attribute is an enumerated list with no default value, and
      the semantics of these relative measures are context dependent.

      1.  low.  Low priority

      2.  medium.  Medium priority

      3.  high.  High priority
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   action
      Optional.  ENUM.  Classifies the type of action requested.  This
      attribute is an enumerated list with no default value.

      1.   nothing.  No action is requested.  Do nothing with the
           information.

      2.   contact-source-site.  Contact the site(s) identified as the
           source of the activity.

      3.   contact-target-site.  Contact the site(s) identified as the
           target of the activity.

      4.   contact-sender.  Contact the originator of the document.

      5.   investigate.  Investigate the systems(s) listed in the event.

      6.   block-host.  Block traffic from the machine(s) listed as
           sources the event.

      7.   block-network.  Block traffic from the network(s) lists as
           sources in the event.

      8.   block-port.  Block the port listed as sources in the event.

      9.   rate-limit-host.  Rate-limit the traffic from the machine(s)
           listed as sources in the event.

      10.  rate-limit-network.  Rate-limit the traffic from the
           network(s) lists as sources in the event.

      11.  rate-limit-port.  Rate-limit the port(s) listed as sources in
           the event.

      12.  remediate-other.  Remediate the activity in a way other than
           by rate limiting or blocking.

      13.  status-triage.  Conveys receipts and the triaging of an
           incident.

      14.  status-new-info.  Conveys that new information was received
           for this incident.

      15.  other.  Perform some custom action described in the
           Description class.

      16.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
           See Section 5.1.
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   ext-action
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the action
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

3.14. Flow Class

The Flow class groups related the source and target hosts. +------------------+ | Flow | +------------------+ | |<>--{1..*}--[ System ] +------------------+ Figure 25: The Flow Class The aggregate class that constitutes Flow is: System One or More. A host or network involved in an event. The Flow System class has no attributes.

3.15. System Class

The System class describes a system or network involved in an event. The systems or networks represented by this class are categorized according to the role they played in the incident through the category attribute. The value of this category attribute dictates the semantics of the aggregated classes in the System class. If the category attribute has a value of "source", then the aggregated classes denote the machine and service from which the activity is originating. With a category attribute value of "target" or "intermediary", then the machine or service is the one targeted in the activity. A value of "sensor" dictates that this System was part of an instrumentation to monitor the network.
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   +---------------------+
   | System              |
   +---------------------+
   | ENUM restriction    |<>----------[ Node            ]
   | ENUM category       |<>--{0..*}--[ Service         ]
   | STRING ext-category |<>--{0..*}--[ OperatingSystem ]
   | STRING interface    |<>--{0..*}--[ Counter         ]
   | ENUM spoofed        |<>--{0..*}--[ Description     ]
   |                     |<>--{0..*}--[ AdditionalData  ]
   +---------------------+

                        Figure 26: The System Class

   The aggregate classes that constitute System are:

   Node
      One. A host or network involved in the incident.

   Service
      Zero or more.  A network service running on the system.

   OperatingSystem
      Zero or one.  The operating system running on the system.

   Counter
      Zero or more.  A counter with which to summarize properties of
      this host or network.

   Description
      Zero or more.  ML_STRING.  A free-form text description of the
      System.

   AdditionalData
      Zero or many.  A mechanism by which to extend the data model.

   The System class has five attributes:

   restriction
      Optional.  ENUM.  This attribute is defined in Section 3.2.

   category
      Required.  ENUM.  Classifies the role the host or network played
      in the incident.  The possible values are:

      1.  source.  The System was the source of the event.

      2.  target.  The System was the target of the event.
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      3.  intermediate.  The System was an intermediary in the event.

      4.  sensor.  The System was a sensor monitoring the event.

      5.  infrastructure.  The System was an infrastructure node of
          IODEF document exchange.

      6.  ext-value.  An escape value used to extend this attribute.
          See Section 5.1.

   ext-category
      Optional.  STRING.  A means by which to extend the category
      attribute.  See Section 5.1.

   interface
      Optional.  STRING.  Specifies the interface on which the event(s)
      on this System originated.  If the Node class specifies a network
      rather than a host, this attribute has no meaning.

   spoofed
      Optional.  ENUM.  An indication of confidence in whether this
      System was the true target or attacking host.  The permitted
      values for this attribute are shown below.  The default value is
      "unknown".

      1.  unknown.  The accuracy of the category attribute value is
          unknown.

      2.  yes.  The category attribute value is probably incorrect.  In
          the case of a source, the System is likely a decoy; with a
          target, the System was likely not the intended victim.

      3.  no.  The category attribute value is believed to be correct.



(page 42 continued on part 3)

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