RFC 2367
PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2
4 Future Directions While the current specification for the Sensitivity and Integrity Labels is believed to be general enough, if a case should arise that can't work with the current specification then this might cause a change in a future version of PF_KEY. Similarly, PF_KEY might need extensions to work with other kinds of Security Associations in future. It is strongly desirable for such extensions to be made in a backwards-compatible manner should they be needed. When more experience is gained with certificate management, it is possible that the IDENTITY extension will have to be revisited to allow a finer grained selection of certificate identities. 5. Examples The following examples illustrate how PF_KEY is used. The first example is an IP Security example, where the consumer of the security associations is inside an operating system kernel. The second example is an OSPF Security example, which illustrates a user-level consumer of security associations. The third example covers things not mentioned by the first two examples. A real system may closely conform to one of these examples, or take parts of them. These examples are purely illustrative, and are not intended to mandate a
particular implementation method. 5.1 Simple IP Security Example +---------------+ +-------------+ |Key Mgmt Daemon| | Application | +---------------+ +-------------+ | | / | | / | | | Applications ======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]========================== | | | OS Kernel +------------+ +-----------------+ | Key Engine | | TCP/IP, | | or SADB |---| including IPsec | +------------+ | | +-----------------+ When the Key Management daemon (KMd) begins. It must tell PF_KEY that it is willing to accept message for the two IPsec services, AH and ESP. It does this by sending down two SADB_REGISTER messages. KMd->Kernel: SADB_REGISTER for ESP Kernel->Registered: SADB_REGISTER for ESP, Supported Algorithms KMd->Kernel: SADB_REGISTER for AH Kernel->Registered: SADB_REGISTER for AH, Supported Algorithms Each REGISTER message will cause a reply to go to all PF_KEY sockets registered for ESP and AH respectively (including the requester). Assume that no security associations currently exist for IPsec to use. Consider when a network application begins transmitting data (e.g. a TCP SYN). Because of policy, or the application's request, the kernel IPsec module needs an AH security association for this data. Since there is not one present, the following message is generated: Kernel->Registered: SADB_ACQUIRE for AH, addrs, ID, sens, proposals The KMd reads the ACQUIRE message, especially the sadb_msg_seq number. Before it begins the negotiation, it sends down an SADB_GETSPI message with the sadb_msg_seq number equal to the one received in the ACQUIRE. The kernel returns the results of the GETSPI to all listening sockets. KMd->Kernel: SADB_GETSPI for AH, addr, SPI range Kernel->All: SADB_GETSPI for AH, assoc, addrs
The KMd may perform a second GETSPI operation if it needs both
directions of IPsec SPI values. Now that the KMd has an SPI for at
least one of the security associations, it begins negotiation. After
deriving keying material, and negotiating other parameters, it sends
down one (or more) SADB_UPDATE messages with the same value in
sadb_msg_seq.
If a KMd has any error at all during its negotiation, it can send
down:
KMd->Kernel: SADB_ACQUIRE for AH, assoc (with an error)
Kernel->All: SADB_ACQUIRE for AH, assoc (same error)
but if it succeeds, it can instead:
KMd->Kernel: SADB_UPDATE for AH, assoc, addrs, keys,
<etc.>
Kernel->All: SADB_UPDATE for AH, assoc, addrs, <etc.>
The results of the UPDATE (minus the actual keys) are sent to all
listening sockets. If only one SPI value was determined locally, the
other SPI (since IPsec SAs are unidirectional) must be added with an
SADB_ADD message.
KMd->Kernel: SADB_ADD for AH, assoc, addrs, keys, <etc.>
Kernel->All: SADB_ADD for AH, assoc, addrs, <etc.>
If one of the extensions passed down was a Lifetime extension, it is
possible at some point an SADB_EXPIRE message will arrive when one of
the lifetimes has expired.
Kernel->All: SADB_EXPIRE for AH, assoc, addrs,
Hard or Soft, Current, <etc.>
The KMd can use this as a clue to begin negotiation, or, if it has
some say in policy, send an SADB_UPDATE down with a lifetime
extension.
5.2 Proxy IP Security Example
Many people are interested in using IP Security in a "proxy" or
"firewall" configuration in which an intermediate system provides
security services for "inside" hosts. In these environments, the
intermediate systems can use PF_KEY to communicate with key
management applications almost exactly as they would if they were the
actual endpoints. The messaging behavior of PF_KEY in these cases is
exactly the same as the previous example, but the address information
is slightly different.
Consider this case:
A ========= B --------- C
Key:
A "outside" host that implements IPsec
B "firewall" that implements IPsec
C "inside" host that does not implement IPsec
=== IP_{A<->B} ESP [ IP_{A<->C} ULP ]
--- IP_{A<->C} ULP
A is a single system that wishes to communicate with the "inside"
system C. B is a "firewall" between C and the outside world that
will do ESP and tunneling on C's behalf. A discovers that it needs
to send traffic to C via B through methods not described here (Use of
the DNS' KX record might be one method for discovering this).
For packets that flow from left to right, A and B need an IPsec
Security Association with:
SA type of ESP tunnel-mode
Source Identity that dominates A (e.g. A's address)
Destination Identity that dominates B (e.g. B's address)
Source Address of A
Destination Address of B
For packets to flow from right to left, A and B need an IPsec
Security Association with:
SA type of ESP tunnel-mode
Source Identity that dominates C
Destination Identity that dominates A
Source Address of B
Destination Address of A
Proxy Address of C
For this second SA (for packets flowing from C towards A), node A
MUST verify that the inner source address is dominated by the Source
Identity for the SA used with those packets. If node A does not do
this, an adversary could forge packets with an arbitrary Source
Identity and defeat the packet origin protections provided by IPsec.
Now consider a slightly more complex case:
A_1 --| |-- D_1
|--- B ====== C ---|
A_2 --| |-- D_2
Key:
A_n "inside" host on net 1 that does not do IPsec.
B "firewall" for net 1 that supports IPsec.
C "firewall" for net 2 that supports IPsec.
D_n "inside" host on net 2 that does not do IPsec.
=== IP_{B<->C} ESP [ IP_{A<->C} ULP ]
--- IP_{A<->C} ULP
For A_1 to send a packet to D_1, B and C need an SA with:
SA Type of ESP
Source Identity that dominates A_1
Destination Identity that dominates C
Source Address of B
Destination Address of C
Proxy Address of A_1
For D_1 to send a packet to A_1, C and B need an SA with:
SA Type of ESP Tunnel-mode
Source Identity that dominates D_1
Destination Identity that dominates B
Source Address of C
Destination Address of B
Proxy Address of D_1
Note that A_2 and D_2 could be substituted for A_1 and D_1
(respectively) here; the association of an SA with a particular pair
of ends or group of those pairs is a policy decision on B and/or C
and not necessarily a function of key management. The same check of
the Source Identity against the inner source IP address MUST also be
performed in this case for the same reason.
For a more detailed discussion of the use of IP Security in complex
cases, please see [Atk97].
NOTE: The notion of identity domination might be unfamiliar. Let H
represent some node. Let Hn represent H's fully qualified domain
name. Let Ha represent the IP address of H. Let Hs represent the IP
subnet containing Ha. Let Hd represent a fully qualified domain
name that is a parent of the fully qualified domain name of H. Let
M be a UserFQDN identity that whose right-hand part is Hn or Ha.
Any of M, Hn, Ha, Hs, and Hd is considered to dominate H in the
example above. Hs dominates any node having an IP address within
the IP address range represented by Hs. Hd dominates any node
having a fully qualified domain name within underneath Hd.
5.3 OSPF Security Example +---------------+ +-------------+ |Key Mgmt Daemon| | OSPF daemon | +---------------+ +-------------+ | | / / | | /------|----+ / | | / | +---+ | Applications ======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]===========[PF_ROUTE]================ | | | | OS Kernel +------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+ | Key Engine | | TCP/IP, | | Routing | | or SADB |---| including IPsec |--| Table | +------------+ | | +---------+ +-----------------+ As in the previous examples, the KMd registers itself with the Key Engine via PF_KEY. Even though the consumer of the security associations is in user-space, the PF_KEY and Key Engine implementation knows enough to store SAs and to relay messages. When the OSPF daemon needs to communicate securely with its peers, it would perform an SADB_GET message and retrieve the appropriate association: OSPFd->Kernel: SADB_GET of OSPF, assoc, addrs Kernel->OSPFd: SADB_GET of OSPF, assoc, addrs, keys, <etc.> If this GET fails, the OSPFd may need to acquire a new security association. This interaction is as follows: OSPFd->Kernel: SADB_ACQUIRE of OSPF, addrs, <ID, sens,> proposal Kernel->Registered: SADB_ACQUIRE of OSPF, <same as sent message> The KMd sees this and performs actions similar to the previous example. One difference, however, is that when the UPDATE message comes back, the OSPFd will then perform a GET of the updated SA to retrieve all of its parameters. 5.4 Miscellaneous Some messages work well only in system maintenance programs, for debugging, or for auditing. In a system panic situation, such as a detected compromise, an SADB_FLUSH message should be issued for a particular SA type, or for ALL SA types.
Program->Kernel: SADB_FLUSH for ALL
<Kernel then flushes all internal SAs>
Kernel->All: SADB_FLUSH for ALL
Some SAs may need to be explicitly deleted, either by a KMd, or by a
system maintenance program.
Program->Kernel: SADB_DELETE for AH, association, addrs
Kernel->All: SADB_DELETE for AH, association, addrs
Common usage of the SADB_DUMP message is discouraged. For debugging
purposes, however, it can be quite useful. The output of a DUMP
message should be read quickly, in order to avoid socket buffer
overflows.
Program->Kernel: SADB_DUMP for ESP
Kernel->Program: SADB_DUMP for ESP, association, <all fields>
Kernel->Program: SADB_DUMP for ESP, association, <all fields>
Kernel->Program: SADB_DUMP for ESP, association, <all fields>
<ad nauseam...>
6 Security Considerations
This memo discusses a method for creating, reading, modifying, and
deleting Security Associations from an operating system. Only
trusted, privileged users and processes should be able to perform any
of these operations. It is unclear whether this mechanism provides
any security when used with operating systems not having the concept
of a trusted, privileged user.
If an unprivileged user is able to perform any of these operations,
then the operating system cannot actually provide the related
security services. If an adversary knows the keys and algorithms in
use, then cryptography cannot provide any form of protection.
This mechanism is not a panacea, but it does provide an important
operating system component that can be useful in creating a secure
internetwork.
Users need to understand that the quality of the security provided by
an implementation of this specification depends completely upon the
overall security of the operating system, the correctness of the
PF_KEY implementation, and upon the security and correctness of the
applications that connect to PF_KEY. It is appropriate to use high
assurance development techniques when implementing PF_KEY and the
related security association components of the operating system.
Acknowledgments The authors of this document are listed primarily in alphabetical order. Randall Atkinson and Ron Lee provided useful feedback on earlier versions of this document. At one time or other, all of the authors worked at the Center for High Assurance Computer Systems at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. This work was sponsored by the Information Security Program Office (PMW-161), U.S. Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR) and the Computing Systems Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA/CSTO). We really appreciate their sponsorship of our efforts and their continued support of PF_KEY development. Without that support, PF_KEY would not exist. The "CONFORMANCE and COMPLIANCE" wording was taken from [MSST98]. Finally, the authors would like to thank those who sent in comments and questions on the various iterations of this document. This specification and implementations of it are discussed on the PF_KEY mailing list. If you would like to be added to this list, send a note to <pf_key-request@inner.net>. References [AMPMC96] Randall J. Atkinson, Daniel L. McDonald, Bao G. Phan, Craig W. Metz, and Kenneth C. Chin, "Implementation of IPv6 in 4.4-Lite BSD", Proceedings of the 1996 USENIX Conference, San Diego, CA, January 1996, USENIX Association. [Atk95a] Atkinson, R., "IP Security Architecture", RFC 1825, August 1995. [Atk95b] Atkinson, R., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 1826, August 1995. [Atk95c] Atkinson, R., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload", RFC 1827, August 1995. [Atk97] Atkinson, R., "Key Exchange Delegation Record for the Domain Name System", RFC 2230, October 1997. [BA97] Baker, F., and R. Atkinson, "RIP-2 MD5 Authentication", RFC 2082, January 1997. [Biba77] K. J. Biba, "Integrity Considerations for Secure Computer Systems", MTR-3153, The MITRE Corporation, June 1975; ESD-TR-76-372, April 1977.
[BL74] D. Elliot Bell and Leonard J. LaPadula, "Secure Computer Systems: Unified Exposition and Multics Interpretation", MTR 2997, The MITRE Corporation, April 1974. (AD/A 020 445) [Bra97] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [CW87] D. D. Clark and D. R. Wilson, "A Comparison of Commercial and Military Computer Security Policies", Proceedings of the 1987 Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 184-195, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, D.C., 1987. [DIA] US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), "Compartmented Mode Workstation Specification", Technical Report DDS-2600-6243-87. [GK98] Glenn, R., and S. Kent, "The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec", Work in Progress. [HM97a] Harney, H., and C. Muckenhirn, "Group Key Management Protocol (GKMP) Specification", RFC 2093, July 1997. [HM97b] Harney, H., and C. Muckenhirn, "Group Key Management Protocol (GKMP) Architecture", RFC 2094, July 1997. [MD98] Madsen, C., and N. Doraswamy, "The ESP DES-CBC Cipher Algorithm With Explicit IV", Work in Progress. [MG98a] Madsen, C., and R. Glenn, "The Use of HMAC-MD5-96 within ESP and AH", Work in Progress. [MG98b] Madsen, C., and R. Glenn, "The Use of HMAC-SHA-1-96 within ESP and AH", Work in Progress. [MSST98] Maughan, D., Schertler, M., Schneider, M., and J. Turner, "Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)", Work in Progress. [Moy98] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", STD 54, RFC 2328, April 1998. [Per97] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support", RFC 2002, October 1996. [Pip98] Piper, D., "The Internet IP Security Domain of Interpretation for ISAKMP", Work in Progress. [Sch96] Bruce Schneier, Applied Cryptography, p. 360, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
[Skl91] Keith Sklower, "A Tree-based Packet Routing Table for Berkeley UNIX", Proceedings of the Winter 1991 USENIX Conference, Dallas, TX, USENIX Association. 1991. pp. 93-103. Disclaimer The views and specification here are those of the editors and are not necessarily those of their employers. The employers have not passed judgment on the merits, if any, of this work. The editors and their employers specifically disclaim responsibility for any problems arising from correct or incorrect implementation or use of this specification. Authors' Addresses Daniel L. McDonald Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, MS UMPK17-202 Palo Alto, CA 94303 Phone: +1 650 786 6815 EMail: danmcd@eng.sun.com Craig Metz (for Code 5544) U.S. Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave. SW Washington, DC 20375 Phone: (DSN) 754-8590 EMail: cmetz@inner.net Bao G. Phan U. S. Naval Research Laboratory EMail: phan@itd.nrl.navy.mil
Appendix A: Promiscuous Send/Receive Message Type A kernel supporting PF_KEY MAY implement the following extension for development and debugging purposes. If it does, it MUST implement the extension as specified here. An implementation MAY require an application to have additional privileges to perform promiscuous send and/or receive operations. The SADB_X_PROMISC message allows an application to send and receive messages in a "promiscuous mode." There are two forms of this message: control and data. The control form consists of only a message header. This message is used to toggle the promiscuous- receive function. A value of one in the sadb_msg_satype field enables promiscuous message reception for this socket, while a value of zero in that field disables it. The second form of this message is the data form. This is used to send or receive messages in their raw form. Messages in the data form consist of a message header followed by an entire new message. There will be two message headers in a row: one for the SADB_X_PROMISC message, and one for the payload message. Data messages sent from the application are sent to either the PF_KEY socket of a single process identified by a nonzero sadb_msg_seq or to all PF_KEY sockets if sadb_msg_seq is zero. These messages are sent without any processing of their contents by the PF_KEY interface (including sanity checking). This promiscuous-send capability allows an application to send messages as if it were the kernel. This also allows it to send erroneous messages. If the promiscuous-receive function has been enabled, a copy of any message sent via PF_KEY by another application or by the kernel is sent to the promiscuous application. This is done before any processing of the message's contents by the PF_KEY interface (again, including sanity checking). This promiscuous-receive capability allows an application to receive all messages sent by other parties using PF_KEY. The messaging behavior of the SADB_X_PROMISC message is: Send a control-form SADB_X_PROMISC message from a user process to the kernel. <base> The kernel returns the SADB_X_PROMISC message to all listening processes.
<base>
Send a data-form SADB_X_PROMISC message from a user process to
the kernel.
<base, base(, others)>
The kernel sends the encapsulated message to the target
process(s).
<base(, others)>
If promiscuous-receive is enabled, the kernel will encapsulate
and send copies of all messages sent via the PF_KEY interface.
<base, base(, others)>
Errors:
EPERM Additional privileges are required to perform the
requested operations.
ESRCH (Data form, sending) The target process in sadb_msg_seq
does not exist or does not have an open PF_KEY Version 2
socket.
Appendix B: Passive Change Message Type The SADB_X_PCHANGE message is a passive-side (aka. the "listener" or "receiver") counterpart to the SADB_ACQUIRE message. It is useful for when key management applications wish to more effectively handle incoming key management requests for passive-side sessions that deviate from systemwide default security services. If a passive session requests that only certain levels of security service be allowed, the SADB_X_PCHANGE message expresses this change to any registered PF_KEY sockets. Unlike SADB_ACQUIRE, this message is purely informational, and demands no other PF_KEY interaction. The SADB_X_PCHANGE message is typically triggered by either a change in an endpoint's requested security services, or when an endpoint that made a special request disappears. In the former case, an SADB_X_PCHANGE looks like an SADB_ACQUIRE, complete with an sadb_proposal extension indicating the preferred algorithms, lifetimes, and other attributes. When a passive session either disappears, or reverts to a default behavior, an SADB_X_PCHANGE will be issued with _no_ sadb_proposal extension, indicating that the exception to systemwide default behavior has disappeared. There are two messaging behaviors for SADB_X_PCHANGE. The first is the kernel-originated case: The kernel sends an SADB_X_PCHANGE message to registered sockets. <base, address(SD), (identity(SD),) (sensitivity,) (proposal)> NOTE: The address(SD) extensions MUST have the port fields filled in with the port numbers of the session requiring keys if appropriate. The second is for a user-level consumer of SAs. Send an SADB_X_PCHANGE message from a user process to the kernel. <base, address(SD), (identity(SD),) (sensitivity,) (proposal)> The kernel returns an SADB_X_PCHANGE message to registered sockets. <base, address(SD), (identity(SD),) (sensitivity,) (proposal)>
Appendix C: Key Management Private Data Extension The Key Management Private Data extension is attached to either an SADB_ADD or an SADB_UPDATE message. It attaches a single piece of arbitrary data to a security association. It may be useful for key managment applications that could use an SADB_DUMP or SADB_GET message to obtain additional state if it needs to restart or recover after a crash. The format of this extension is: #define SADB_X_EXT_KMPRIVATE 17 struct sadb_x_kmprivate { uint16_t sadb_x_kmprivate_len; uint16_t sadb_x_kmprivate_exttype; uint32_t sadb_x_kmprivate_reserved; }; /* sizeof(struct sadb_x_kmprivate) == 8 */ /* followed by arbitrary data */ The data following the sadb_x_kmprivate extension can be anything. It will be stored with the actual security association in the kernel. Like all data, it must be padded to an eight byte boundary.
Appendix D: Sample Header File /* This file defines structures and symbols for the PF_KEY Version 2 key management interface. It was written at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. This file is in the public domain. The authors ask that you leave this credit intact on any copies of this file. */ #ifndef __PFKEY_V2_H #define __PFKEY_V2_H 1 #define PF_KEY_V2 2 #define PFKEYV2_REVISION 199806L #define SADB_RESERVED 0 #define SADB_GETSPI 1 #define SADB_UPDATE 2 #define SADB_ADD 3 #define SADB_DELETE 4 #define SADB_GET 5 #define SADB_ACQUIRE 6 #define SADB_REGISTER 7 #define SADB_EXPIRE 8 #define SADB_FLUSH 9 #define SADB_DUMP 10 #define SADB_X_PROMISC 11 #define SADB_X_PCHANGE 12 #define SADB_MAX 12 struct sadb_msg { uint8_t sadb_msg_version; uint8_t sadb_msg_type; uint8_t sadb_msg_errno; uint8_t sadb_msg_satype; uint16_t sadb_msg_len; uint16_t sadb_msg_reserved; uint32_t sadb_msg_seq; uint32_t sadb_msg_pid; }; struct sadb_ext { uint16_t sadb_ext_len; uint16_t sadb_ext_type; }; struct sadb_sa { uint16_t sadb_sa_len; uint16_t sadb_sa_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_sa_spi;
uint8_t sadb_sa_replay;
uint8_t sadb_sa_state;
uint8_t sadb_sa_auth;
uint8_t sadb_sa_encrypt;
uint32_t sadb_sa_flags;
};
struct sadb_lifetime {
uint16_t sadb_lifetime_len;
uint16_t sadb_lifetime_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_lifetime_allocations;
uint64_t sadb_lifetime_bytes;
uint64_t sadb_lifetime_addtime;
uint64_t sadb_lifetime_usetime;
};
struct sadb_address {
uint16_t sadb_address_len;
uint16_t sadb_address_exttype;
uint8_t sadb_address_proto;
uint8_t sadb_address_prefixlen;
uint16_t sadb_address_reserved;
};
struct sadb_key {
uint16_t sadb_key_len;
uint16_t sadb_key_exttype;
uint16_t sadb_key_bits;
uint16_t sadb_key_reserved;
};
struct sadb_ident {
uint16_t sadb_ident_len;
uint16_t sadb_ident_exttype;
uint16_t sadb_ident_type;
uint16_t sadb_ident_reserved;
uint64_t sadb_ident_id;
};
struct sadb_sens {
uint16_t sadb_sens_len;
uint16_t sadb_sens_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_sens_dpd;
uint8_t sadb_sens_sens_level;
uint8_t sadb_sens_sens_len;
uint8_t sadb_sens_integ_level;
uint8_t sadb_sens_integ_len;
uint32_t sadb_sens_reserved;
};
struct sadb_prop {
uint16_t sadb_prop_len;
uint16_t sadb_prop_exttype;
uint8_t sadb_prop_replay;
uint8_t sadb_prop_reserved[3];
};
struct sadb_comb {
uint8_t sadb_comb_auth;
uint8_t sadb_comb_encrypt;
uint16_t sadb_comb_flags;
uint16_t sadb_comb_auth_minbits;
uint16_t sadb_comb_auth_maxbits;
uint16_t sadb_comb_encrypt_minbits;
uint16_t sadb_comb_encrypt_maxbits;
uint32_t sadb_comb_reserved;
uint32_t sadb_comb_soft_allocations;
uint32_t sadb_comb_hard_allocations;
uint64_t sadb_comb_soft_bytes;
uint64_t sadb_comb_hard_bytes;
uint64_t sadb_comb_soft_addtime;
uint64_t sadb_comb_hard_addtime;
uint64_t sadb_comb_soft_usetime;
uint64_t sadb_comb_hard_usetime;
};
struct sadb_supported {
uint16_t sadb_supported_len;
uint16_t sadb_supported_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_supported_reserved;
};
struct sadb_alg {
uint8_t sadb_alg_id;
uint8_t sadb_alg_ivlen;
uint16_t sadb_alg_minbits;
uint16_t sadb_alg_maxbits;
uint16_t sadb_alg_reserved;
};
struct sadb_spirange {
uint16_t sadb_spirange_len;
uint16_t sadb_spirange_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_spirange_min;
uint32_t sadb_spirange_max;
uint32_t sadb_spirange_reserved;
};
struct sadb_x_kmprivate {
uint16_t sadb_x_kmprivate_len;
uint16_t sadb_x_kmprivate_exttype;
uint32_t sadb_x_kmprivate_reserved;
};
#define SADB_EXT_RESERVED 0
#define SADB_EXT_SA 1
#define SADB_EXT_LIFETIME_CURRENT 2
#define SADB_EXT_LIFETIME_HARD 3
#define SADB_EXT_LIFETIME_SOFT 4
#define SADB_EXT_ADDRESS_SRC 5
#define SADB_EXT_ADDRESS_DST 6
#define SADB_EXT_ADDRESS_PROXY 7
#define SADB_EXT_KEY_AUTH 8
#define SADB_EXT_KEY_ENCRYPT 9
#define SADB_EXT_IDENTITY_SRC 10
#define SADB_EXT_IDENTITY_DST 11
#define SADB_EXT_SENSITIVITY 12
#define SADB_EXT_PROPOSAL 13
#define SADB_EXT_SUPPORTED_AUTH 14
#define SADB_EXT_SUPPORTED_ENCRYPT 15
#define SADB_EXT_SPIRANGE 16
#define SADB_X_EXT_KMPRIVATE 17
#define SADB_EXT_MAX 17
#define SADB_SATYPE_UNSPEC 0
#define SADB_SATYPE_AH 2
#define SADB_SATYPE_ESP 3
#define SADB_SATYPE_RSVP 5
#define SADB_SATYPE_OSPFV2 6
#define SADB_SATYPE_RIPV2 7
#define SADB_SATYPE_MIP 8
#define SADB_SATYPE_MAX 8
#define SADB_SASTATE_LARVAL 0
#define SADB_SASTATE_MATURE 1
#define SADB_SASTATE_DYING 2
#define SADB_SASTATE_DEAD 3
#define SADB_SASTATE_MAX 3
#define SADB_SAFLAGS_PFS 1
#define SADB_AALG_NONE 0
#define SADB_AALG_MD5HMAC 2
#define SADB_AALG_SHA1HMAC 3
#define SADB_AALG_MAX 3 #define SADB_EALG_NONE 0 #define SADB_EALG_DESCBC 2 #define SADB_EALG_3DESCBC 3 #define SADB_EALG_NULL 11 #define SADB_EALG_MAX 11 #define SADB_IDENTTYPE_RESERVED 0 #define SADB_IDENTTYPE_PREFIX 1 #define SADB_IDENTTYPE_FQDN 2 #define SADB_IDENTTYPE_USERFQDN 3 #define SADB_IDENTTYPE_MAX 3 #define SADB_KEY_FLAGS_MAX 0 #endif /* __PFKEY_V2_H */
Appendix E: Change Log The following changes were made between 05 and 06: * Last change before becoming an informational RFC. Removed all Internet-Draft references. Also standardized citation strings. Now cite RFC 2119 for MUST, etc. * New appendix on optional KM private data extension. * Fixed example to indicate the ACQUIRE messages with errno mean KM failure. * Added SADB_EALG_NULL. * Clarified proxy examples to match definition of PROXY address being the inner packet's source address. (Basically a sign-flip. The example still shows how to protect against policy vulnerabilities in tunnel endpoints.) * Loosened definition of a destination address to include broadcast. * Recommended that LARVAL security associations have implicit short lifetimes. The following changes were made between 04 and 05: * New appendix on Passive Change message. * New sadb_address_prefixlen field. * Small clarifications on sadb_ident_id usage. * New PFKEYV2_REVISION value. * Small clarification on what a PROXY address is. * Corrected sadb_spirange_{min,max} language. * In ADD messages that are in response to an ACQUIRE, the sadb_msg_seq MUST be the same as that of the originating ACQUIRE. * Corrected ACQUIRE message behavior, ACQUIRE message SHOULD send up PROXY addresses when it needs them. * Clarification on SADB_EXPIRE and user-level security protocols. The following changes were made between 03 and 04:
* Stronger language about manual keying.
* PFKEYV2_REVISION, ala POSIX.
* Put in language about sockaddr ports in ACQUIRE messages.
* Mention of asymmetric algorithms.
* New sadb_ident_id field for easier construction of USER_FQDN
identity strings.
* Caveat about source addresses not always used for collision
detection. (e.g. IPsec)
The following changes were made between 02 and 03:
* Formatting changes.
* Many editorial cleanups, rewordings, clarifications.
* Restrictions that prevent many strange and invalid cases.
* Added definitions section.
* Removed connection identity type (this will reappear when it is
more clear what it should look like).
* Removed 5.2.1 (Why involve the kernel?).
* Removed INBOUND, OUTBOUND, and FORWARD flags; they can be computed
from src, dst, and proxy and you had to anyway for sanity checking.
* Removed REPLAY flag; sadb_sa_replay==0 means the same thing.
* Renamed bit lengths to "bits" to avoid potential confusion.
* Explicitly listed lengths for structures.
* Reworked identities to always use a string format.
* Removed requirements for support of shutdown() and SO_USELOOPBACK.
* 64 bit alignment and 64 bit lengths instead of 32 bit.
* time_t replaced with uint64 in lifetimes.
* Inserted Appendix A (SADB_X_PROMISC) and Appendix B (SAMPLE HEADER
FILE).
* Explicit error if PF_KEY_V2 not set at socket() call.
* More text on SO_USELOOPBACK.
* Made fields names and symbol names more consistent.
* Explicit error if PF_KEY_V2 is not in sadb_msg_version field.
* Bytes lifetime field now a 64-bit quantity.
* Explicit len/exttype wording.
* Flattening out of extensions (LIFETIME_HARD, LIFETIME_SOFT, etc.)
* UI example (0x123 == 0x1230 or 0x0123).
* Cleaned up and fixed some message behavior examples.
The following changes were made between 01 and 02:
* Mentioned that people COULD use these same messages between user
progs. (Also mentioned why you still might want to use the actual
socket.)
* Various wordsmithing changes.
* Took out netkey/ directory, and make net/pfkeyv2.h
* Inserted PF_KEY_V2 proto argument per C. Metz.
* Mentioned other socket calls and how their PF_KEY behavior is
undefined.
* SADB_EXPIRE now communicates both hard and soft lifetime expires.
* New "association" extension, even smaller base header.
* Lifetime extension improvements.
* Length now first in extensions.
* Errors can be sent from kernel to user, also.
* Examples section inserted.
* Some bitfield cleanups, including STATE and SA_OPTIONS cleanup.
* Key splitting now only across auth algorithm and encryption
algorithm. Thanks for B. Sommerfeld for clues here.
The following changes were made between 00 and 01:
* Added this change log.
* Simplified TLV header syntax.
* Splitting of algorithms. This may be controversial, but it allows
PF_KEY to be used for more than just IPsec. It also allows some
kinds of policies to be placed in the KMd easier.
* Added solid definitions and formats for certificate identities,
multiple keys, etc.
* Specified how keys are to be layed out (most-to-least bits).
* Changed sequence number semantics to be like an RPC transaction ID
number.
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