TS 36.401
E-UTRAN – Architecture Description
V17.1.0 (PDF)
2022/06 24 p.
V16.0.0
2020/06 23 p.
V15.1.0
2018/12 23 p.
V14.0.0
2017/03 23 p.
V13.2.0
2016/06 23 p.
V12.3.0
2015/12 23 p.
V11.2.0
2013/09 22 p.
V10.4.0
2012/07 22 p.
V9.2.1
2011/04 21 p.
V8.8.0
2010/06 21 p.
- Rapporteur:
- Mr. Ng, Cheng Hock
NEC Corporation
Content for TS 36.401 Word version: 16.0.0
1 Scope
2 References
3 Definitions and abbreviations
4 General principles
5 General architecture
6 E-UTRAN architecture
7 E-UTRAN functions description
8 Mobility management
9 Synchronization
11 E-UTRAN interfaces
$ Change History
1 Scope Word‑p. 6
The present document describes the overall architecture of the E-UTRAN, including internal interfaces and assumptions on the radio, S1 and X2 interfaces.
2 References Word‑p. 6
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document.
[1]
TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2]
TS 36.300: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Overall description Stage 2".
[3]
TS 23.401: "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access".
[4]
TS 36.414: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN); S1 data transport".
[5]
TS 36.424: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (E-UTRAN); X2 data transport".
[6]
TS 36.440: "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); General aspects and principles for interfaces supporting Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) within E-UTRAN".
[7]
ITU-T Recommendation G.823 (2000-03): "The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 2048 kbit/s hierarchy".
[8]
ITU-T Recommendation G.824 (2000-03): "The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the 1544 kbit/s hierarchy".
[9]
ITU-T Recommendation G.825 (2001-08): "The control of jitter and wander within digital networks which are based on the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)".
[10]
ITU-T Recommendation G.8261/Y.1361 (2008-04): "Timing and Synchronization aspects in Packet networks".
[11]
TS 23.003: "Numbering, addressing and identification".
[12]
TR 44.901: "External Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)".
[13]
TS 48.018: "General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Base Station System (BSS) - Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN); BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)".
[14]
TS 23.251: "Network Sharing; Architecture and functional description".
[15]
TS 22.268: "Public Warning System (PWS) requirements".
[16]
TS 33.401: "3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE); Security architecture".
[17]
TS 32.421: "Telecommunication management; Subscriber and equipment trace; Trace concepts and requirements".
[18]
TS 32.422: "Telecommunication management; Subscriber and equipment trace; Trace control and configuration management".
[19]
TS 32.423: "Telecommunication management; Subscriber and equipment trace; Trace data definition and management".
[20]
TS 32.441: "Telecommunication management; Trace Management Integration Reference Point (IRP); Requirements".
[21]
TS 32.442: "Telecommunication management; Trace Management Integration Reference Point (IRP); Information Service (IS)".
[22]
TS 32.446: "Telecommunication management; Trace Management Integration Reference Point (IRP); Solution Set (SS) definitions".
[23]
TS 25.411: "UTRAN Iu interface layer 1".
[24]
TS 23.682: "Architecture enhancements to facilitate communications with packet data networks and applications".
3 Definitions and abbreviations Word‑p. 7
3.1 Definitions Word‑p. 7
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 and the following apply.
A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.
Dual Connectivity:
Defined in TS 36.300.
E-RAB:
An E-RAB uniquely identifies the concatenation of an S1 Bearer and the corresponding Data Radio Bearer. When an E-RAB exists, there is a one-to-one mapping between this E-RAB and an EPS bearer of the Non Access Stratum (NAS) as defined in TS 23.401.
S1:
logical interface between an eNB and an EPC, providing an interconnection point between the E-UTRAN and the EPC. It is also considered as a reference point.
X2:
logical interface between two eNBs. Whilst logically representing a point-to-point link between eNBs, the physical realization need not be a point-to-point link.
3.2 Abbreviations Word‑p. 7
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 and the following apply.
A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905.
AP
Application Protocol
AS
Access Stratum
CGI
Cell Global Identifier
CIoT
Cellular IoT
CMAS
Commercial Mobile Alert Service
C-RNTI
Cell RNTI
ECGI
E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier
ECM
EPS Connection Management
EEC
Ethernet Equipment Clock
eNB
E-UTRAN Node B
EMM
EPS Mobility Management
E-RAB
E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer
ESM
EPS Session Management
E-SMLC
Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centre
ETWS
Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
EPC
Evolved Packet Core
EPS
Evolved Packet System
E-UTRA
Evolved UTRA
E-UTRAN
Evolved UTRAN
FDD
Frequency Division Duplex
GUMMEI
Globally Unique MME Identifier
ID
Identity
IP
Internet Protocol
LTE
Long Term Evolution
MBMS
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
MBSFN
Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency Network
MeNB
Master eNB
NDS
Network Domain Security
MME
Mobility Management Entity
NAS
Non-Access Stratum
OTDOA
Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (positioning method)
PLMN
Public Land Mobile Network
PWS
Public Warning System
RA-RNTI
Random Access RNTI
RET
Remote Electrical Tilting
RIM
RAN Information Management
RNL
Radio Network Layer
RNTI
Radio Network Temporary Identifier
RRC
Radio Resource Control
RTP
Real-time Transport Protocol
QoS
Quality of Service
SFN
System Frame Number
S-GW
Serving Gateway
SAP
Service Access Point
SCG
Secondary Cell Group
SeNB
Secondary eNB
SON
Self Organizing Networks
S-TMSI
S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TDD
Time Division Duplex
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing
TMA
Tower Mounted Amplifier
TNL
Transport Network Layer
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
UE
User Equipment
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
UTDOA
Uplink Time Difference of Arrival
4 General principles Word‑p. 8
The general principles guiding the definition of E-UTRAN architecture as well as the E-UTRAN interfaces are the following:
- Logical separation of signalling and data transport networks.
- E-UTRAN and EPC functions are fully separated from transport functions. Addressing scheme used in E-UTRAN and EPC shall not be tied to the addressing schemes of transport functions. The fact that some E-UTRAN or EPC functions reside in the same equipment as some transport functions does not make the transport functions part of the E-UTRAN or the EPC.
- Mobility for RRC connection is fully controlled by the E-UTRAN.
-
When defining the E-UTRAN interfaces the following principles were followed:
- The functional division across the interfaces shall have as few options as possible;
- Interfaces should be based on a logical model of the entity controlled through this interface;
- One physical network element can implement multiple logical nodes.
5 General architecture Word‑p. 9
5.1 General Word‑p. 9
The protocols over Uu and S1 interfaces are divided into two structures:
- User plane protocols These are the protocols implementing the actual E-RAB service, i.e. carrying user data through the access stratum.
- Control plane protocols These are the protocols for controlling the E-RABs and the connection between the UE and the network from different aspects (including requesting the service, controlling different transmission resources, handover etc.). Also a mechanism for transparent transfer of NAS messages is included.
5.2 User plane Word‑p. 9
The E-RAB service is offered from SAP to SAP by the Access Stratum. Figure 5.2-1 shows the protocols on the Uu and S1 interfaces that linked together provide this E-RAB service.
5.3 Control plane Word‑p. 9
Figure 5.3-1 shows the control plane (signalling) protocol stacks on S1 and Uu interfaces.
6 E-UTRAN architecture Word‑p. 10
6.1 Overview Word‑p. 10
The LTE architecture can be further described as follows:
The E-UTRAN consists of a set of eNBs connected to the EPC through the S1.
An eNB can support FDD mode, TDD mode or dual mode operation.
eNBs can be interconnected through the X2.
S1 and X2 are logical interfaces.
The E-UTRAN is layered into a Radio Network Layer (RNL) and a Transport Network Layer (TNL).
The E-UTRAN architecture, i.e. the E-UTRAN logical nodes and interfaces between them, is defined as part of the RNL.
For each E-UTRAN interface (S1, X2) the related TNL protocol and the functionality are specified. The TNL provides services for user plane transport, signalling transport.
In S1-Flex configuration, each eNB is connected to all EPC nodes within a pool area. The pool area is defined in TS 23.401.
If security protection for control plane and user plane data on TNL of E-UTRAN interfaces has to be supported, NDS/IP (TS 33.401 shall be applied.
The eMBMS architecture is defined in TS 36.440.
6.2 E-UTRAN identifiers Word‑p. 11
This subclause shows those identifiers that are used in E-UTRAN.
6.2.1 Principle of handling Application Protocol Identities Word‑p. 11
An Application Protocol Identity (AP ID) is allocated when a new UE-associated logical connection is created in an eNB, or an MME, or in a WT. An AP ID shall uniquely identify a logical connection associated to a UE over the S1 interface, or X2 interface, or Xw interface within a node (eNB, or MME, or WT). Upon receipt of a message that has a new AP ID from the sending node, the receiving node shall store the AP ID of the sending node for the duration of the logical connection. The receiving node shall assign the AP ID to be used to identify the logical connection associated to the UE and include it as well as the previously received new AP ID from the sending node, in the first returned message to the sending node. In all subsequent messages to and from sending node, both AP IDs of sending node and receiving node shall be included.
The definitions of AP IDs as used on S1 interface, or X2 interface, or Xw interface are shown below:
eNB UE S1AP ID:
An eNB UE S1AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over the S1 interface within an eNB. When an MME receives an eNB UE S1AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical S1-connection for this UE. Once known to an MME this is included in all UE associated S1-AP signalling. The eNB UE S1AP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
MME UE S1AP ID:
A MME UE S1AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over the S1 interface within the MME. When an eNB receives MME UE S1AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical. S1-connection for this UE. Once known to an eNB this ID is included in all UE associated S1-AP signalling. The MME UE S1AP ID shall be unique within the MME logical node.
Old eNB UE X2AP ID:
An Old eNB UE X2AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over the X2 interface within a source eNB. When a target eNB receives an Old eNB UE X2AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical X2-connection for this UE. Once known to a target eNB this ID is included in all UE associated X2-AP signalling. The Old eNB UE X2AP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
New eNB UE X2AP ID:
A New eNB UE X2AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over the X2 interface within a target eNB. When a source eNB receives a New eNB UE X2AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical X2-connection for this UE. Once known to source eNB this ID is included in all UE associated X2-AP signalling. The New eNB UE X2AP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
eNB1 Measurement ID:
An eNB1 Measurement ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the measurement configuration over the X2 interface within the eNB that requests the measurement. The eNB1 Measurement ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
eNB2 Measurement ID:
An eNB2 Measurement ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the measurement configuration over the X2 interface within the eNB that performs the measurement. The eNB2 Measurement ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
MeNB UE X2AP ID:
A MeNB UE X2AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over X2 interface within a MeNB for dual connectivity. When a SeNB receives a MeNB UE X2AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical X2-connection for this UE. Once known to a SeNB this ID is included in all UE associated X2-AP signalling. The MeNB UE X2AP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
SeNB UE X2AP ID:
A SeNB UE X2AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over X2 interface within a SeNB for dual connectivity. When a MeNB receives a SeNB UE X2AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical X2-connection for this UE. Once known to a MeNB this ID is included in all UE associated X2-AP signalling. The SeNB UE X2AP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
eNB UE XwAP ID:
An eNB UE XwAP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over Xw interface within an eNB for LWA. When a WT receives an eNB UE XwAP ID, it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical Xw-connection for this UE. Once known to a WT, this ID is included in all UE associated Xw-AP signalling. The eNB UE XwAP ID shall be unique within the eNB logical node.
WT UE XwAP ID:
A WT UE XwAP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over Xw interface within a WT for LWA. When an eNB receives a WT UE XwAP ID, it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical Xw-connection for this UE. Once known to an eNB, this ID is included in all UE associated Xw-AP signalling. The WT UE XwAP ID shall be unique within the WT logical node.
gNB UE X2AP ID:
A gNB UE X2AP ID shall be allocated so as to uniquely identify the UE over X2 interface within a SgNB for EN-DC. When a MeNB receives a gNB UE X2AP ID it shall store it for the duration of the UE-associated logical X2-connection for this UE. Once known to a MeNB, this ID is included in all UE associated X2-AP signalling. The gNB UE X2AP ID shall be unique within the gNB logical node.
6.2.2 PLMN Identity Word‑p. 12
A Public Land Mobile Network is uniquely identified by its PLMN Identity.
6.2.3 Globally Unique MME Identifier (GUMMEI) Word‑p. 12
The Globally Unique MME Identifier consists of a PLMN Identity, a MME Group Identity and a MME Code, as defined in TS 23.003.
An MME logical node may be associated with one or more GUMMEI, but each GUMMEI uniquely identifies an MME logical node (TS 23.003).
6.2.4 Global eNB ID Word‑p. 12
The Global eNB ID, used to globally identify an eNB, is defined in TS 36.300.
6.2.5 E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier (ECGI) Word‑p. 13
The ECGI, used to globally identify a cell, is defined in TS 36.300.
6.2.6 Tracking Area Identity Word‑p. 13
The Tracking Area Identity, used to identify tracking areas, is defined in TS 36.300.
6.2.7 E-RAB ID Word‑p. 13
An E-RAB ID uniquely identifies an E-RAB for one UE accessing via E-UTRAN.
6.2.8 UE Identifiers Word‑p. 13
6.2.8.1 Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI) Word‑p. 13
Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI) are used as UE identifiers within E-UTRAN and in signalling messages between UE and E-UTRAN. Some types of RNTI exist:
- C-RNTI The C-RNTI provides a unique UE identification at the cell level identifying RRC connection.
- RA-RNTI The RA-RNTI is used during some transient states, the UE is temporarily identified with a random value for contention resolution purposes.
6.2.8.2 S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (S-TMSI) Word‑p. 13
The S-TMSI is a temporary UE identity in order to support the subscriber identity confidentiality. This S-TMSI is allocated by MME.
6.3 Transport addresses Word‑p. 13
The transport layer address parameter is transported in the radio network application signalling procedures that result in establishment of transport bearer connections.
The transport layer address parameter shall not be interpreted in the radio network application protocols and reveal the addressing format used in the transport layer.
The formats of the transport layer addresses are further described in TS 36.414, TS 36.424.
6.4 UE associations in eNB Word‑p. 13
There are several types of UE associations needed in the eNB: the "eNB UE context" used to store all information needed for a UE and the associations between the UE and the logical S1 and X2 connections used for S1/X2-AP UE associated messages. An "eNB UE context" exists for a UE in ECM_CONNECTED, and may continue to exist after the UE transitions to ECM_IDLE if the UE was enabled to use User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization (see TS 23.401).
Definitions:
eNB UE context:
An eNB UE context is a block of information in an eNB associated to one UE. The block of information contains the necessary information required to maintain the E-UTRAN services towards the active UE. An eNB UE context is established when the transition to active state for a UE is completed or in target eNB after completion of handover resource allocation during handover preparation, in which case at least UE state information, security information, UE capability information and the identities of the UE-associated logical S1-connection shall be included in the eNB UE context. If the UE is enabled to use User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization (see TS 23.401) the UE-associated logical S1-connection may be kept after the UE transitions to ECM_IDLE.
For Dual Connectivity an eNB UE context is also established in the SeNB after completion of SeNB Addition Preparation.
UE-associated logical S1-connection/ UE-associated logical X2-connection:
On the logical S1 or X2 connection, control plane messages (S1AP, X2AP) associated with the UE are sent.
This connection is established during the first S1/X2AP message exchange between the S1/X2 peer nodes.
The connection is maintained as long as UE associated S1/X2AP messages need to be exchanged over S1/X2.
The UE-associated logical S1-connection uses the identities MME UE S1AP ID and eNB UE S1AP ID.
The UE-associated logical X2-connection uses the identities Old eNB UE X2AP ID and New eNB UE X2AP ID, or MeNB UE X2AP ID and SeNB UE X2AP ID.
When a node (MME or eNB) receives a UE associated S1/X2AP message the node retrieves the associated UE based on the S1/X2AP ID.
UE-associated signalling:
UE-associated signalling is an exchange of S1/X2-AP messages associated with one UE over the UE-associated logical S1/X2-connection.
The UE-associated logical X2-connection may exist before the eNB UE context is setup in the target eNB.
7 E-UTRAN functions description Word‑p. 14
7.1 List of functions Word‑p. 14
- Transfer of user data
- Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
- Integrity protection
- Header compression
-
Mobility control functions:
- Handover
- Dual Connectivity
- Inter-cell interference coordination
- Connection setup and release
- Load balancing
- Distribution function for NAS messages
- NAS node selection function
- Synchronization
- Radio access network sharing
- MBMS function
- Subscriber and equipment trace
- RAN Information Management (RIM)
- Paging
- Positioning
- Delivery of warning messages
7.2 Functions description Word‑p. 15
7.2.1 Transfer of user data Word‑p. 15
This function provides user data transfer capability across the E-UTRAN between the S1 and Uu interfaces.
7.2.2 Radio channel ciphering and deciphering Word‑p. 15
This function is a pure computation function whereby the radio transmitted data can be protected against a non-authorized third-party. Ciphering and deciphering may be based on the usage of a session-dependent key, derived through signalling and/or session dependent information.
7.2.3 Integrity protection Word‑p. 15
This function is a pure computation function whereby the transmitted data can be protected against a non-authorized third-party from alteration.
7.2.4 Header compression Word‑p. 15
This function provides a header compression specifically to the particular network layer, transport layer or upper layer protocol combination e.g. TCP/IP and RTP/UDP/IP.
7.2.5 Mobility control functions Word‑p. 15
7.2.5.1 Handover Word‑p. 15
This function manages the mobility of the radio interface. It is based on radio measurements and it is used to maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) requested by the EPC. It contains the function of transferring the context data between source node and target node.
Handover may be directed to/from another system (e.g. LTE to UMTS handover).
The handover preparation is done in the target network side and final handover decision is done in the source network side.
7.2.5.2 Void
7.2.5.3 Void
7.2.5.4 Dual Connectivity |R12| Word‑p. 15
E-UTRAN supports Dual Connectivity operation whereby a UE with appropriate capabilities is configured to utilise radio resources provided by two cells (or cell groups) served by two eNBs (MeNB and SeNB) connected via a non-ideal backhaul over the X2 interface.
7.2.6 Inter-cell interference coordination Word‑p. 15
This function is to manage radio resources (i.e. the radio resource blocks) such that inter-cell interference is kept under control. This function is a multi-cell RRM function that needs to take into account information (e.g. the resource usage status and the traffic load situation) from multiple cells.
7.2.7 Connection set-up and release Word‑p. 16
This function is responsible for the control of connection element set-up and release in the E-UTRAN. The purpose of this function is:
- to participate in the processing of the end-to-end connection set-up and release; and
- to manage and maintain the element of the end-to-end connection which is located in the E-UTRAN.
7.2.8 Load balancing Word‑p. 16
Load balancing has the task of handling uneven distribution of the traffic load over multiple cells. The purpose of load balancing is thus to influence the load distribution in such a manner that radio resources over multiple cells remain highly utilized and the QoS of in-progress sessions is maintained to the greatest extent possible and call dropping probabilities are kept sufficiently small. Load balancing algorithms may result in intra-LTE or inter-RAT handover or cell reselection decisions with the purpose of redistributing traffic from highly loaded cells to under-utilized cells.
The algorithms may also result in adaptation of mobility parameter settings via exchanges over the X2 interface.
7.2.9 Distribution function for NAS messages Word‑p. 16
In the RRC protocol and the S1AP, messages from the NAS shall be transparently transferred within the Access Stratum.
7.2.10 NAS node selection function Word‑p. 16
The interconnection of E-UTRAN to multiple MME / S-GWs is supported in the E-UTRAN architecture. Therefore a NAS node selection function is located in the E-UTRAN to determine the MME association of the UE, based on the UE's temporary identifier, which was assigned to the UE by the MME.
7.2.11 Synchronization Word‑p. 16
The network synchronization is to maintain the synchronization of the timing between different nodes within the network. As no single method can cover all E-UTRAN applications a logical port at eNB may be used for reception of timing input independent of synchronization method chosen.
7.2.12 Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing Word‑p. 16
This function is to enable multiple PLMNs to share a Radio Access Network (RAN). This function has mechanisms to direct the UE to the appropriate PLMN at the network sharing border and to restrict UE measurement and reselection to cells that are entitled to access. The E-UTRAN can broadcast multiple PLMN-IDs in the radio interface. The UE can choose one amongst the broadcasted PLMN-IDs.
An eNB is allowed to handover a UE to a target cell with multiple PLMN identities if at least one of the target cell PLMN identities is listed as allowed in the roaming and access restriction information for the UE, i.e. listed as serving PLMN or an equivalent PLMN.
This function is also to enable the SCG selection at the MeNB during Dual Connectivity operation.
7.2.13 MBMS function Word‑p. 16
This function enables the E-UTRAN to transmit the same data to multiple recipients and allows network and radio resources to be shared.
7.2.14 Subscriber and equipment trace Word‑p. 17
Support for subscriber and equipment trace for LTE and EPS shall be as specified in TS 32.421, TS 32.422, TS 32.423 and TS 32.441, TS 32.442 and TS 32.446.
All traces are initiated by the core network, even if the trace is to be carried out in the radio network.
A trace set-up in the radio network is propagated on the X2 interface at handover and on the S1 interface if the handover is carried out between MMEs.
7.2.15 RAN Information Management (RIM) Word‑p. 17
The RAN Information Management (RIM) function is a generic mechanism that allows the request and the transfer of information (e.g. GERAN system information) between two RAN nodes via the core network as described in TR 44.901 and TS 48.018. The RIM function includes the request and transfer of SON-related information between RATs.
7.2.16 Paging Word‑p. 17
This function provides the capability to request an UE to contact the E-UTRAN when UE is in ECM_IDLE state or to be addressed of an incoming warning message (PWS) when UE is in ECM_CONNECTED state.
7.2.17 Positioning Word‑p. 17
This function provides the capability to determine the E-UTRAN CGI of the serving cell where a UE is currently located.
This function also provides the E-SMLC with uplink positioning measurements for Enhanced Cell ID positioning, uplink assistance data for UTDOA positioning, or other information needed by the E-SMLC which is sent as assistance data to the UE for OTDOA positioning.
7.2.18 Delivery of warning messages |R9| Word‑p. 17
This function provides the capability to schedule and broadcast warning notification messages to UEs related to alerts (earthquake, tsunami, etc..) to meet regional regulatory requirements. ETWS, CMAS and the other warning services which use the same AS mechanisms as CMAS as described in TS 36.300 are the E-UTRAN services related to warning deliveries.
In ETWS one warning message at a time is delivered over the radio. In CMAS and the other warning services which use the same AS mechanisms as CMAS as described in TS 36.300 multiple concurrent warning messages can be broadcast over the radio.
ETWS includes the scheduling and transmission of a primary warning notification subject to stringent delay that may be followed by a secondary notification providing complementary information about the threat.
PWS is supported in RAN sharing configuration as described in TS 23.251 and TS 22.268.
8 Mobility management Word‑p. 17
8.1 Signalling connection Word‑p. 17
A UE associated logical S1connection may either exist or not exist for a UE:
- When a UE associated logical S1 connection exists and the UE is in ECM_CONNECTED, the EPC can reach the UE by the UE associated logical S1 connection on the EPC side, and the E-UTRAN has a context with the UE and the EPC for this particular connection. This context is erased when the connection is released. The UE associated logical S1 connection can be initiated from the UE only.
- When a UE associated logical S1 connection does not exist, the EPC must reach the UE via the common procedure. The message sent to the UE can be a request to the UE to establish a UE associated logical S1 connection. The UE is addressed with a user/terminal identity within a tracking area.
- When a UE associated logical S1 connection exists and the UE is in ECM_IDLE and was enabled to use User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization (see TS 23.401), the UE may re-connect to the existing UE associated logical S1 connection and the EPC must reach the UE via the common procedure.
8.2 Consequences for mobility handling Word‑p. 18
In general, the radio access specific procedures should be handled within E-UTRAN. This means that all cell level mobility should be handled within E-UTRAN.
When there exists a dedicated connection to the UE, the E-UTRAN handles the radio interface mobility of the UE.
This includes the Handover procedure in the ECM_CONNECTED state.
When a dedicated connection between the E-UTRAN and the UE does not exist and the UE is not enabled to use User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization (see TS 23.401), no UE context information is stored in E-UTRAN. When a dedicated connection between the E-UTRAN and the UE does not exist and the UE is enabled to use User Plane CIoT EPS Optimization UE context information is stored in E-UTRAN. For UEs in ECM_IDLE, the mobility is handled directly between UE and EPC outside access stratum (e.g. by means of registration procedures). When paging the UE, the EPC indicates a 'geographical area' that is translated within
E-UTRAN to the actual cells that shall be paged. A 'geographical area' could be a tracking area or a list of tracking areas.
Thus, the E-UTRAN does not contain any permanent 'location registers' for the UE, but only temporary UE contexts information.
9 Synchronization Word‑p. 18
9.1 eNB Synchronization Word‑p. 18
The eNB shall support a logical synchronization port for phase-, time- and/or frequency synchronization.
Logical synchronization port for phase- and time-synchronization shall provide
- accuracy that allows to meet the eNB requirements on maximum relative phase difference for all eNBs in synchronized TDD-unicast area and FDD/TDD-multicast MBSFN synchronization area;
- continuous time without leap seconds traceable to common time reference for all eNBs in synchronized TDD-unicast area and FDD/TDD-multicast MBSFN synchronization area;
SFN = {time}mod{period(SFN)},
where
time
The characteristics of these interfaces are described in TS 25.411.
In case eNB is connected via TDM interface, it may be used to synchronize frequency the eNB. The characteristics of the clock in the eNB shall be designed taking into account that the jitter and wander performance requirements on the interface are in accordance with network limits for output wander at traffic interfaces of either ITU-T Rec. G.823 [7], ITU-T Rec. G.824 [8] or network limits for the maximum output jitter and wander at any hierarchical interface of ITU-T Rec. G.825 [9], whichever is applicable.
In case eNB is connected via Ethernet interface and the network supports Synchronous Ethernet, the eNB may use this interface to get frequency synchronization. In this case the design of the eNB clock should be done considering the jitter and wander performance requirements on the interface are as specified for output jitter and wander at EEC interfaces of ITU-T Rec. G.8261/Y.1361 [10], defined in clause 9.2.1. Further considerations on Synchronous Ethernet recommendations and architectural aspects are defined in clause 12.2.1 and Annex A of ITU-T Rec. G.8261/Y.1361 [10].
A configurable LTE TDD-offset of start frame shall be supported by all eNBs in synchronized TDD-unicast areas and/or TDD-multicast MBSFN synchronization areas in order to achieve interoperability in coexistence scenarios.
The logical synchronization port of the HeNB for the time/phase synchronization may be connected to the surrounding E-UTRAN cells. However, different surrounding E-UTRAN cells may have different SFN initialization times and phase drift.
time adjusted by the common SFN initialization time, in units of 10 ms to match the length of radio frame and accuracy accordingly;
period(SFN)
SFN period.
9.2 eNB and MME Synchronization |R13| Word‑p. 19
When paging in extended Idle mode DRX, Hyper SFN synchronization requirements are specified in TS 23.682.
10 Void
11 E-UTRAN interfaces Word‑p. 19
11.1 General protocol model for E-UTRAN interfaces Word‑p. 19
The general protocol model for E-UTRAN interfaces is depicted in Figure 11.1-1, and described in detail in the following subclauses. The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are logically independent of each other. Therefore, as and when required, the standardization body can easily alter protocol stacks and planes to fit future requirements.
11.1.1 Radio Network Layer (RNL) and Transport Network Layer (TNL) Word‑p. 20
The protocol structure consists of two main layers, Radio Network Layer (RNL) and Transport Network Layer (TNL).
E-UTRAN functions are realized in the RNL and the TNL represents standard transport technology that is selected to be used for E-UTRAN.
11.1.2 Control plane Word‑p. 20
The control plane includes the Application Protocol (AP), i.e. S1AP and X2AP and the Signalling Bearer for transporting the AP messages.
The AP is used e.g. for setting up bearers (i.e. E-RAB) in the RNL. The bearer parameters in the AP are not directly tied to the user plane technology, but are rather general bearer parameters.
11.1.3 User plane Word‑p. 20
The user plane includes the data bearer(s) for the data stream(s). The data stream(s) is characterized by a tunnelling protocol in the TNL.
11.2 Iuant interface - general principles Word‑p. 20
The Iuant interface for the control of RET antennas or TMAs is a logical part of the E-UTRAN.
The support of any standardised antenna interface technique shall not be prevented; e.g. AISG (Antenna interface standards group) specifications may be used.
$ Change History Word‑p. 21
